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diff --git a/docs/librejs.info b/docs/librejs.info deleted file mode 100644 index f1c35bd..0000000 --- a/docs/librejs.info +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1247 +0,0 @@ -This is librejs.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from -librejs.texi. - -This manual is for GNU LibreJS (version 7.20, 28 April 2022), a GNU -IceCat extension to detect and block nonfree nontrivial JavaScript on -webpages. - - Copyright (C) 2011 2012 2014 2015 Loic J. Duros, 2022 Yuchen Pei - - Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this - document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, - Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software - Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover - Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is - included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation - License". -INFO-DIR-SECTION GNUzilla -START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY -* LibreJS: (librejs). Detect nonfree nontrivial in GNU Icecat -END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY - - -File: librejs.info, Node: Top, Next: Overview, Up: (dir) - -LibreJS -******* - -This manual is for GNU LibreJS (version 7.20, 28 April 2022). - -* Menu: - -* Overview:: General purpose and information. -* Disclaimer:: Emphasize what LibreJS does and does not. -* Installation:: Installing LibreJS from source. -* How to Use:: How to use LibreJS in IceCat. -* JavaScript Detection:: How LibreJS detects nontrivial Javascript. -* Free Licenses Detection:: List of licenses detected by LibreJS. -* Setting Your JavaScript Free:: Information for website owners/maintainers. -* LibreJS Development Notes:: Documentation about the development of - LibreJS itself. -* Installation Requirements:: Requirements to build and install LibreJS. -* LibreJS Internals:: How LibreJS works under the hood. -* GNU Free Documentation License:: Copying and sharing this documentation. - - - - - - - - - -File: librejs.info, Node: Overview, Next: Disclaimer, Prev: Top, Up: Top - -1 Overview -********** - -GNU LibreJS --an add-on for GNU IceCat and Mozilla Firefox-- detects -and blocks nonfree nontrivial JavaScript while allowing its execution -on pages containing code that is either trivial and/or free. - - Many websites run nontrivial JavaScript on your computer. Some use -it for complex tasks; many use it gratuitously for minor jobs that -could be done easily with plain HTML. Sometimes this JavaScript code -is malicious. Either way, the JavaScript code is often nonfree. For -explanation of the issue, see "The JavaScript -Trap"(<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/javascript-trap.html>). - - If you care about freedom in your computing, and don't wish to let -all and sundry make you run nonfree programs, now you can prevent it -by using LibreJS. - - -File: librejs.info, Node: Disclaimer, Next: Installation, Prev: Overview, Up: Top - -2 Disclaimer -************ - - * LibreJS is not a security tool. Its goal is to detect nonfree - nontrivial JavaScript, and it currently does not detect whether - free or trivial code is malicious or not. Other free Mozilla - extensions and add-ons may be available for this purpose. - - * LibreJS is always a work in progress. If you find a bug, please - report it to <bug-librejs@gnu.org>. - - -File: librejs.info, Node: Installation, Next: How to Use, Prev: Disclaimer, Up: Top - -3 Installation -************** - -You can install LibreJS directly using a generated 'librejs.xpi' file, -or by building it from source (*Note LibreJS Development Notes::). - - You can also download it from -<https://www.gnu.org/software/librejs/> or -<https://addons.mozilla.org/addon/librejs/>, but due to Mozilla's -review process the download isn't always up to date. - - -File: librejs.info, Node: How to Use, Next: JavaScript Detection, Prev: Installation, Up: Top - -4 How to Use -************ - -4.1 LibreJS in action -===================== - -After installing the add-on, you will see the LibreJS widget in the -add-on bar at the top right of the browser window. After loading a -page, left-click on the widget to view the deactivated JavaScript code -from the page (both on page and external) and, if applicable, the -scripts that were accepted. - -4.2 Script Blacklist/whitelist -============================== - -Scripts may be blacklisted or whitelisted through the pop-up menu box. - - Whitelisted scripts will always be accepted and blacklisted scripts -will always get rejected. - - It is important to note that this feature recognizes which scripts -are blacklisted and whitelisted based on hash. This means that even a -slight difference in a script's code will cause it to be recognized as -a separate script. - - Sometimes, JavaScript will be dynamically generated so that it is -different every time a website is loaded. These types of scripts -cannot be whitelisted or blacklisted since they cannot be recognized. - - LibreJS has a default whitelist of scripts that are known to be -free but may not declare their license in a format that LibreJS can -understand. - -4.3 Complaint Feature -===================== - -It is very important to complain when a site has nonfree JavaScript -code, especially if it won't work without that code. LibreJS makes it -easy to complain by heuristically finding where to send the complaint. - - When nonfree/nontrivial code is detected in a page, LibreJS -attempts to find a relevant contact link or email for the website you -are visiting. In order to do so, it will attempt to visit a few links -from the current page (for instance, a link labeled "contact" on the -same domain as the current page, ...) - - LibreJS detects contact pages, email addresses that are likely to -be owned by the maintainer of the site, Twitter and identi.ca links, -and phone numbers. - - When you complain to the website for their nonfree nontrivial -JavaScript, provide them with the link to the JavaScript Trap essay so -that they can get more information on what the issue is and how they -can solve it on their own site. - - LibreJS includes a default subject line and body for the complaint -email, with a link to the JavaScript Trap essay. This can be -configured in the LibreJS add-on preferences in your web browser. - -4.4 Options -=========== - - You can manage LibreJS's preferences either from the extension's - entry in your browser's Add-ons Manager page ('about:addons') or - by clicking the LibreJS toolbar icon and then the "Settings..." - button on the top right of the popup. This will open a panel - containing a whitelist/blacklist manager and a section to - configure your complaints messages to site owners. - -"Whitelist/Blacklist" - - LibreJS lets you whitelist or blacklist domain names and - subdomains, to bypass the regular JavaScript checks. This might - be useful, for example, if you are running your own code in a - local web server, or if you don't want to waste computing - resources on script origins you already know you can't trust. - librejs provides a lists manager UI to handle both the lists on - the top of its Options panel. - -"Complaint email subject" - Configure the default subject used in complaint emails. - -"Complaint email body" - Configure the default body used in complaint emails. - - -File: librejs.info, Node: JavaScript Detection, Next: Free Licenses Detection, Prev: How to Use, Up: Top - -5 JavaScript Detection -********************** - -LibreJS considers a very strict subset of JavaScript to be acceptable -for use in non-free scripts. This is meant to maximimize -compatibility with websites that haven't tried to be LibreJS -compatible. - - We consider modification of the document non-trivial. There isn't -much that javascript could do that we would consider trivial, for -anything else a free software license would be required. - - The criterion is as follows: - - For each function definition: - * It must call only primitives. - * The number of conditionals and loops must be at most 3. - * It does not declare an array more than 50 elements long. - * It must not call itself - - For the rest of the script, outside of function definitions: - * It must call only primitives and functions defined above in the - page. - * The number of conditionals and loops must be at most 3. - - "function" means anything executable that gets a name, including -methods. - - Allowed primitives exclude: - * eval() - * ajax - * calling methods with the square bracket notation - * altering the dom - * most other items found as methods of the '.window' object. - - -File: librejs.info, Node: Free Licenses Detection, Next: Setting Your JavaScript Free, Prev: JavaScript Detection, Up: Top - -6 Free Licenses Detection -************************* - -The machine readable format for license declarations that LibreJS uses -has changed in the most recent version. This was necessary in order -to not break the asynchronous JS loading model that browsers use. -Scripts are now evaluated independent of eachother and strictly as -they arrive. - - -File: librejs.info, Node: Setting Your JavaScript Free, Next: LibreJS Development Notes, Prev: Free Licenses Detection, Up: Top - -7 Setting Your JavaScript Free -****************************** - -The first step is releasing your JavaScript under a free license. If -you are already using a free library, or you're not using any -third-party libraries, it might only take a few minutes. - - On your website, take a look at your HTML source. You can identify -distinct pieces of JavaScript that might be free and some other that -are nonfree. - - This might be the case with an analytics tracker, social media -widgets, and code that runs ads. Removing these pieces of code from -your site is required to have the rest accepted as free. There are -often alternatives to nonfree libraries or to third-party services: - - * If you have used nonfree third-party code as the base to write - your own code, try to find a free alternative. - - * If you're using a third-party service such as an analytics - service, replace it with a free alternative like Matomo. - - * If you can't find free JavaScript that has already been - developed, write it yourself! Who knows, your own solution might - be the start of a brilliant project! - -7.1 License tags -================ - -LibreJS will allow non-trivial scripts to run as long as they use a -free license. - - In order for the license of a script to be recognized by LibreJS, -it must be declared using a machine-readable license format. - - This format is the same for both remote in-line scripts. - - "// @license [magnet link] [identifier]" [Script here] "// -@license-end" - - "Identifier" is a name of a license from the following list and the -magnet link in the 'canonicalUrl' field is that license's exact -corresponding magnet link. - -{ - 'AGPL-3.0': { - licenseName: 'GNU AFFERO GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE version 3', - identifier: 'AGPL-3.0', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.html', - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:0b31508aeb0634b347b8270c7bee4d411b5d4109&dn=agpl-3.0.txt' - ], - - }, - - 'Apache-2.0': { - licenseName: 'Apache License, Version 2.0', - identifier: 'Apache-2.0', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0', - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:8e4f440f4c65981c5bf93c76d35135ba5064d8b7&dn=apache-2.0.txt' - ], - }, - - 'Artistic-2.0': { - licenseName: "Artistic License 2.0", - identifier: 'Artistic-2.0', - canonicalUrl: [ - "http://www.perlfoundation.org/artistic_license_2_0", - "magnet:?xt=urn:btih:54fd2283f9dbdf29466d2df1a98bf8f65cafe314&dn=artistic-2.0.txt" - ], - }, - - 'BSD-2-Clause': { - licenseName: "BSD 2-Clause License", - identifier: 'BSD-2-Clause', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'http://www.freebsd.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html', - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:87f119ba0b429ba17a44b4bffcab33165ebdacc0&dn=freebsd.txt' - ], - }, - - 'BSD-3-Clause': { - licenseName: "BSD 3-Clause License", - identifier: 'BSD-3-Clause', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause', - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:c80d50af7d3db9be66a4d0a86db0286e4fd33292&dn=bsd-3-clause.txt' - ], - }, - - 'BSL-1.0': { - licenseName: 'Boost Software License 1.0', - identifier: 'BSL-1.0', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt', - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:89a97c535628232f2f3888c2b7b8ffd4c078cec0&dn=Boost-1.0.txt' - ], - }, - - 'CC-BY-1.0': { - licenseName: 'Creative Commons Attribution 1.0 Generic', - identifier: 'CC-BY-1.0', - canonicalUrl: ['https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/'], - }, - - 'CC-BY-2.0': { - licenseName: 'Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic', - identifier: 'CC-BY-2.0', - canonicalUrl: ['https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/'], - }, - - 'CC-BY-2.5': { - licenseName: 'Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Generic', - identifier: 'CC-BY-2.5', - canonicalUrl: ['https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/'], - }, - - 'CC-BY-3.0': { - licenseName: 'Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported', - identifier: 'CC-BY-3.0', - canonicalUrl: ['https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/'], - }, - - 'CC-BY-4.0': { - licenseName: 'Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International', - identifier: 'CC-BY-4.0', - canonicalUrl: ['https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'], - }, - - 'CC-BY-SA-1.0': { - licenseName: 'Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 1.0 Generic', - identifier: 'CC-BY-SA-1.0', - canonicalUrl: ['https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/'], - }, - - 'CC-BY-SA-2.0': { - licenseName: 'Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic', - identifier: 'CC-BY-SA-2.0', - canonicalUrl: ['https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/'], - }, - - 'CC-BY-SA-2.5': { - licenseName: 'Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Generic', - identifier: 'CC-BY-SA-2.5', - canonicalUrl: ['https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/'], - }, - - 'CC-BY-SA-3.0': { - licenseName: 'Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported', - identifier: 'CC-BY-SA-3.0', - canonicalUrl: ['https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/'], - }, - - 'CC-BY-SA-4.0': { - licenseName: 'Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International', - identifier: 'CC-BY-SA-4.0', - canonicalUrl: ['https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/'], - }, - - 'CC0-1.0': { - licenseName: 'Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal', - identifier: 'CC0-1.0', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode', - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:90dc5c0be029de84e523b9b3922520e79e0e6f08&dn=cc0.txt' - ], - }, - - 'CPAL-1.0': { - licenseName: 'Common Public Attribution License Version 1.0 (CPAL)', - identifier: 'CPAL-1.0', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'http://opensource.org/licenses/cpal_1.0', - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:84143bc45939fc8fa42921d619a95462c2031c5c&dn=cpal-1.0.txt' - ], - }, - - 'EPL-1.0': { - licenseName: "Eclipse Public License Version 1.0", - identifier: "EPL-1.0", - canonicalUrl: [ - "http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html", - "magnet:?xt=urn:btih:4c6a2ad0018cd461e9b0fc44e1b340d2c1828b22&dn=epl-1.0.txt" - ], - }, - - 'Expat': { - licenseName: 'Expat License (sometimes called MIT Licensed)', - identifier: 'Expat', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'http://www.jclark.com/xml/copying.txt', - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:d3d9a9a6595521f9666a5e94cc830dab83b65699&dn=expat.txt' - ], - }, - - 'FreeBSD': { - licenseName: "FreeBSD License", - identifier: 'FreeBSD', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'http://www.freebsd.org/copyright/freebsd-license.html', - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:87f119ba0b429ba17a44b4bffcab33165ebdacc0&dn=freebsd.txt' - ], - }, - - 'GNU-All-Permissive': { - licenseName: 'GNU All-Permissive License', - identifier: 'GNU-All-Permissive', - canonicalUrl: [], - }, - - 'GPL-2.0': { - licenseName: 'GNU General Public License (GPL) version 2', - identifier: 'GPL-2.0', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html', - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:cf05388f2679ee054f2beb29a391d25f4e673ac3&dn=gpl-2.0.txt' - ], - }, - - 'GPL-3.0': { - licenseName: 'GNU General Public License (GPL) version 3', - identifier: 'GPL-3.0', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html', - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:1f739d935676111cfff4b4693e3816e664797050&dn=gpl-3.0.txt' - ], - }, - - 'ISC': { - licenseName: "The ISC License", - identifier: 'ISC', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'https://www.isc.org/downloads/software-support-policy/isc-license/', - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:b8999bbaf509c08d127678643c515b9ab0836bae&dn=ISC.txt' - ], - }, - - 'jQueryTools': { - licenseName: "jQuery Tools", - identifier: 'jQueryTools', - canonicalUrl: [], - }, - - 'LGPL-2.1': { - licenseName: 'GNU Lesser General Public License, version 2.1', - identifier: 'LGPL-2.1', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.html', - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:5de60da917303dbfad4f93fb1b985ced5a89eac2&dn=lgpl-2.1.txt' - ], - }, - - 'LGPL-3.0': { - licenseName: 'GNU Lesser General Public License, version 3', - identifier: 'LGPL-3.0', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.html', - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:0ef1b8170b3b615170ff270def6427c317705f85&dn=lgpl-3.0.txt' - ], - }, - - 'MPL-2.0': { - licenseName: 'Mozilla Public License Version 2.0', - identifier: 'MPL-2.0', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/2.0', - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:3877d6d54b3accd4bc32f8a48bf32ebc0901502a&dn=mpl-2.0.txt' - ], - }, - - 'PublicDomain': { - licenseName: 'Public Domain', - identifier: 'PublicDomain', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:e95b018ef3580986a04669f1b5879592219e2a7a&dn=public-domain.txt' - ], - }, - - - 'Unlicense': { - licenseName: 'Unlicense', - identifier: 'Unlicense', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'http://unlicense.org/UNLICENSE', - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:5ac446d35272cc2e4e85e4325b146d0b7ca8f50c&dn=unlicense.txt' - ], - }, - - 'UPL': { - licenseName: 'Universal Permissive License', - identifier: 'UPL-1.0', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'https://oss.oracle.com/licenses/upl/', - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:478974f4d41c3fa84c4befba25f283527fad107d&dn=upl-1.0.txt' - ], - }, - - 'WTFPL': { - licenseName: 'Do What The F*ck You Want To Public License (WTFPL)', - identifier: 'WTFPL', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'http://www.wtfpl.net/txt/copying/', - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:723febf9f6185544f57f0660a41489c7d6b4931b&dn=wtfpl.txt' - ], - }, - - 'X11': { - licenseName: 'X11 License', - identifier: 'X11', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:5305d91886084f776adcf57509a648432709a7c7&dn=x11.txt' - ], - }, - - 'XFree86-1.1': { - licenseName: "XFree86 1.1 License", - identifier: 'XFree86-1.1', - canonicalUrl: [ - 'http://www.xfree86.org/3.3.6/COPYRIGHT2.html#3', - 'http://www.xfree86.org/current/LICENSE4.html', - 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:12f2ec9e8de2a3b0002a33d518d6010cc8ab2ae9&dn=xfree86.txt' - ], - }, -} - -7.2 Undetected Free Licenses -============================ - -If you are using a free license that isn't detected by LibreJS and -isn't listed in the previous section, please send a message to -<bug-librejs@gnu.org> regarding this license, where code released -under this license can be found, and where to find the license text -and information. - - Many free licenses are listed in this page: -<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html> - -7.3 Known limitations -===================== - -Service workers may cause false positives and false negatives, and -there are multiple ways to disable them. The cleanest way is by -setting 'dom.serviceWorkers.enabled' to 'false' in the 'about:config' -page of your browser. - - -File: librejs.info, Node: LibreJS Development Notes, Next: Installation Requirements, Prev: Setting Your JavaScript Free, Up: Top - -8 LibreJS Development Notes -*************************** - -8.1 Dependencies -================ - -LibreJS 7.20 depends on a number of Node.js-based libraries that can -be installed using the 'npm' utility: - - $ npm install acorn-loose jassha browserify - $ export PATH=$PATH:./node_modules/.bin - -8.2 Building -============ - -To build the extension run: - $ browserify main_background.js -o bundle.js - - To build the extension plus create a .xpi package run: - $ ./build.sh - - To build the extension including the automated test suite (see TEST -below) run: - $ ./build.sh -t - or - $ ./build.sh --test - - Note: this 'build.sh' script relies on no new source files being -created. - -8.3 Debugging -============= - -To debug LibreJS, visit the special URL 'about:debugging'. Click on -'Enable add-on debugging' then 'Load Temporary Add-on'. Navigate to -LibreJS's unpacked source directory and select 'manifest.json'. - - Lines 39 and 40 in 'main_background.js' assign two variables -controlling the verbosity of 'dbg_print()' statements. Make sure -these are set to false before building a release. - -8.4 Testing -=========== - -An automated test suite runs automatically in its own tab whenever the -extension is loaded as a "Temporary add-on" from 'about:debugging'. -Otherwise (if included in the xpi) it can be launched from the UI by -clicking the "Automated self test..." button. - -8.5 Headless testing -==================== - -To launch the test suite from the command line, ensure the xpi package -has been built with automated test suite. Then install -selenium-webdriver and geckodriver, and ensure the latter is in $PATH: - $ npm install selenium-webdriver geckodriver - $ export PATH=$PATH:./node_modules/.bin - - Now you can invoke the test with - $ node ./test.js - - which will print out a summary of test results. - - Optionally you can also test with a chosen seed - $ node ./test.js 12345 - -8.6 Headless compliance check -============================= - -To check whether a webpage is LibreJS-compliant from the command line, -ensure that the xpi package has been built WITHOUT the automated test -suite. Then install selenium-webdriver and geckodriver, and ensure -the latter is in $PATH: - $ npm install selenium-webdriver - $ npm install geckodriver - $ export PATH=$PATH:./node_modules/.bin - - Now you can check a webpage for compliance with - $ node ./compliance.js <url> - - It will open the url in a headless browser, save a screenshot, and -output the compliance check result. - - For example, to check the compliance of the FSF homepage, do - $ node ./compliance.js https://fsf.org - -8.7 Adding new whitelisted libraries -==================================== - -The script index.js in './hash_script' generates the default -whitelist. Run it with the following command: - - 'node index.js > output' - - Then, just copy the contents of the file "output" to the -appropriate place in main_background.js. - -8.8 Releasing a new version -=========================== - -Update the version number in manifest.json. - - Make sure debug statements are set to false on lines 39/40 in -'main_background.js'. - - Then run the build script 'build.sh'. - - -File: librejs.info, Node: Installation Requirements, Next: LibreJS Internals, Prev: LibreJS Development Notes, Up: Top - -Appendix A Installation Requirements -************************************ - -A.1 Mozilla Browser -=================== - -You will need one of the many flavors of the Mozilla browser to use -LibreJS. It can be installed on the following: - - GNU IceCat, Mozilla Firefox, Trisquel Abrowser, Debian Iceweasel. - - LibreJS works on these browsers starting from version 60. We -recommend that you use the latest version of your Mozilla browser. -LibreJS has been tested on a GNU/Linux distribution, but it is -compatible any operating system as long as you're using a compatible -Mozilla browser. - - -File: librejs.info, Node: LibreJS Internals, Next: GNU Free Documentation License, Prev: Installation Requirements, Up: Top - -Appendix B LibreJS Internals -**************************** - -LibreJS intercepts HTTP responses and rewrites their contents after -analyzing JavaScript within them. It does not remove script nodes and -attributes from the page, but instead "deactivates" them by replacing -their content with a commented notice. - - LibreJS detects the most common cases using the HTTP response -method described above, but in less common edge cases, or when running -code locally, LibreJS cannot detect JavaScript during the response -stage. - - -File: librejs.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Prev: LibreJS Internals, Up: Top - -Appendix C GNU Free Documentation License -***************************************** - - Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 - - Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - <http://fsf.org/> - - Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies - of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. - - 0. PREAMBLE - - The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or - other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of - freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and - redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either - commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License - preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for - their work, while not being considered responsible for - modifications made by others. - - This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative - works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. - It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a - copyleft license designed for free software. - - We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for - free software, because free software needs free documentation: a - free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms - that the software does. But this License is not limited to - software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless - of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. - We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is - instruction or reference. - - 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS - - This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, - that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it - can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a - notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in - duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. - The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any - member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". - You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work - in a way requiring permission under copyright law. - - A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing - the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with - modifications and/or translated into another language. - - A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter - section of the Document that deals exclusively with the - relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the - Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains - nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. - (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a - Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) 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COMBINING DOCUMENTS - - You may combine the Document with other documents released under - this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for - modified versions, provided that you include in the combination - all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, - unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your - combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all - their Warranty Disclaimers. - - The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and - multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a - single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the - same name but different contents, make the title of each such - section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the - name of the original author or publisher of that section if - known, or else a unique number. 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In case of a disagreement between the translation - and the original version of this License or a notice or - disclaimer, the original version will prevail. - - If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", - "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to - Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing - the actual title. - - 9. TERMINATION - - You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document - except as expressly provided under this License. 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