diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'projects/11/Pong')
| -rw-r--r-- | projects/11/Pong/Ball.jack | 203 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | projects/11/Pong/Bat.jack | 103 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | projects/11/Pong/Main.jack | 20 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | projects/11/Pong/PongGame.jack | 137 |
4 files changed, 463 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/projects/11/Pong/Ball.jack b/projects/11/Pong/Ball.jack new file mode 100644 index 0000000..02e47f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/projects/11/Pong/Ball.jack @@ -0,0 +1,203 @@ +// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/11/Pong/Ball.jack
+
+/**
+ * A graphical ball. Characterized by a screen location and distance of
+ * last destination. Has methods for drawing, erasing and moving on the screen.
+ * The ball is displayed as a filled, 6-by-6 pixles rectangle.
+ */
+class Ball {
+
+ field int x, y; // the ball's screen location (in pixels)
+ field int lengthx, lengthy; // distance of last destination (in pixels)
+
+ field int d, straightD, diagonalD; // used for straight line movement computation
+ field boolean invert, positivex, positivey; // (same)
+
+ field int leftWall, rightWall, topWall, bottomWall; // wall locations
+
+ field int wall; // last wall that the ball was bounced off of
+
+ /** Constructs a new ball with the given initial location and wall locations. */
+ constructor Ball new(int Ax, int Ay,
+ int AleftWall, int ArightWall, int AtopWall, int AbottomWall) {
+ let x = Ax;
+ let y = Ay;
+ let leftWall = AleftWall;
+ let rightWall = ArightWall - 6; // -6 for ball size
+ let topWall = AtopWall;
+ let bottomWall = AbottomWall - 6; // -6 for ball size
+ let wall = 0;
+ do show();
+ return this;
+ }
+
+ /** Deallocates the Ball's memory. */
+ method void dispose() {
+ do Memory.deAlloc(this);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /** Shows the ball. */
+ method void show() {
+ do Screen.setColor(true);
+ do draw();
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /** Hides the ball. */
+ method void hide() {
+ do Screen.setColor(false);
+ do draw();
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /** Draws the ball. */
+ method void draw() {
+ do Screen.drawRectangle(x, y, x + 5, y + 5);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /** Returns the ball's left edge. */
+ method int getLeft() {
+ return x;
+ }
+
+ /** Returns the ball's right edge. */
+ method int getRight() {
+ return x + 5;
+ }
+
+ /** Computes and sets the ball's destination. */
+ method void setDestination(int destx, int desty) {
+ var int dx, dy, temp;
+ let lengthx = destx - x;
+ let lengthy = desty - y;
+ let dx = Math.abs(lengthx);
+ let dy = Math.abs(lengthy);
+ let invert = (dx < dy);
+
+ if (invert) {
+ let temp = dx; // swap dx, dy
+ let dx = dy;
+ let dy = temp;
+ let positivex = (y < desty);
+ let positivey = (x < destx);
+ }
+ else {
+ let positivex = (x < destx);
+ let positivey = (y < desty);
+ }
+
+ let d = (2 * dy) - dx;
+ let straightD = 2 * dy;
+ let diagonalD = 2 * (dy - dx);
+
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Moves the ball one unit towards its destination.
+ * If the ball has reached a wall, returns 0.
+ * Else, returns a value according to the wall:
+ * 1 (left wall), 2 (right wall), 3 (top wall), 4 (bottom wall).
+ */
+ method int move() {
+
+ do hide();
+
+ if (d < 0) { let d = d + straightD; }
+ else {
+ let d = d + diagonalD;
+
+ if (positivey) {
+ if (invert) { let x = x + 4; }
+ else { let y = y + 4; }
+ }
+ else {
+ if (invert) { let x = x - 4; }
+ else { let y = y - 4; }
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (positivex) {
+ if (invert) { let y = y + 4; }
+ else { let x = x + 4; }
+ }
+ else {
+ if (invert) { let y = y - 4; }
+ else { let x = x - 4; }
+ }
+
+ if (~(x > leftWall)) {
+ let wall = 1;
+ let x = leftWall;
+ }
+ if (~(x < rightWall)) {
+ let wall = 2;
+ let x = rightWall;
+ }
+ if (~(y > topWall)) {
+ let wall = 3;
+ let y = topWall;
+ }
+ if (~(y < bottomWall)) {
+ let wall = 4;
+ let y = bottomWall;
+ }
+
+ do show();
+
+ return wall;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Bounces off the current wall: sets the new destination
+ * of the ball according to the ball's angle and the given
+ * bouncing direction (-1/0/1=left/center/right or up/center/down).
+ */
+ method void bounce(int bouncingDirection) {
+ var int newx, newy, divLengthx, divLengthy, factor;
+
+ // dividing by 10 first since results are too big
+ let divLengthx = lengthx / 10;
+ let divLengthy = lengthy / 10;
+ if (bouncingDirection = 0) { let factor = 10; }
+ else {
+ if (((~(lengthx < 0)) & (bouncingDirection = 1)) | ((lengthx < 0) & (bouncingDirection = (-1)))) {
+ let factor = 20; // bounce direction is in ball direction
+ }
+ else { let factor = 5; } // bounce direction is against ball direction
+ }
+
+ if (wall = 1) {
+ let newx = 506;
+ let newy = (divLengthy * (-50)) / divLengthx;
+ let newy = y + (newy * factor);
+ }
+ else {
+ if (wall = 2) {
+ let newx = 0;
+ let newy = (divLengthy * 50) / divLengthx;
+ let newy = y + (newy * factor);
+ }
+ else {
+ if (wall = 3) {
+ let newy = 250;
+ let newx = (divLengthx * (-25)) / divLengthy;
+ let newx = x + (newx * factor);
+ }
+ else { // assumes wall = 4
+ let newy = 0;
+ let newx = (divLengthx * 25) / divLengthy;
+ let newx = x + (newx * factor);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ do setDestination(newx, newy);
+ return;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/projects/11/Pong/Bat.jack b/projects/11/Pong/Bat.jack new file mode 100644 index 0000000..340760f --- /dev/null +++ b/projects/11/Pong/Bat.jack @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/11/Pong/Bat.jack
+
+/**
+ * A graphical Pong bat.
+ * Displayed as a filled horizontal rectangle that has
+ * a screen location, a width and a height.
+ * Has methods for drawing, erasing, moving left and right,
+ * and changing its width (to make the hitting action more challenging).
+ * This class should have been called "paddle", following the
+ * standard Pong terminology. But, unaware of this terminology,
+ * we called it "bat", and then decided to stick to it.
+ */
+class Bat {
+
+ field int x, y; // the bat's screen location
+ field int width, height; // the bat's width and height
+ field int direction; // direction of the bat's movement (1 = left, 2 = right)
+
+ /** Constructs a new bat with the given location and width. */
+ constructor Bat new(int Ax, int Ay, int Awidth, int Aheight) {
+ let x = Ax;
+ let y = Ay;
+ let width = Awidth;
+ let height = Aheight;
+ let direction = 2;
+ do show();
+ return this;
+ }
+
+ /** Deallocates the object's memory. */
+ method void dispose() {
+ do Memory.deAlloc(this);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /** Shows the bat. */
+ method void show() {
+ do Screen.setColor(true);
+ do draw();
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /** Hides the bat. */
+ method void hide() {
+ do Screen.setColor(false);
+ do draw();
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /** Draws the bat. */
+ method void draw() {
+ do Screen.drawRectangle(x, y, x + width, y + height);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /** Sets the bat's direction (0=stop, 1=left, 2=right). */
+ method void setDirection(int Adirection) {
+ let direction = Adirection;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /** Returns the bat's left edge. */
+ method int getLeft() {
+ return x;
+ }
+
+ /** Returns the bat's right edge. */
+ method int getRight() {
+ return x + width;
+ }
+
+ /** Sets the bat's width. */
+ method void setWidth(int Awidth) {
+ do hide();
+ let width = Awidth;
+ do show();
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /** Moves the bat one step in the bat's direction. */
+ method void move() {
+ if (direction = 1) {
+ let x = x - 4;
+ if (x < 0) { let x = 0; }
+ do Screen.setColor(false);
+ do Screen.drawRectangle((x + width) + 1, y, (x + width) + 4, y + height);
+ do Screen.setColor(true);
+ do Screen.drawRectangle(x, y, x + 3, y + height);
+ }
+ else {
+ let x = x + 4;
+ if ((x + width) > 511) { let x = 511 - width; }
+ do Screen.setColor(false);
+ do Screen.drawRectangle(x - 4, y, x - 1, y + height);
+ do Screen.setColor(true);
+ do Screen.drawRectangle((x + width) - 3, y, x + width, y + height);
+ }
+ return;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/projects/11/Pong/Main.jack b/projects/11/Pong/Main.jack new file mode 100644 index 0000000..45e2dd2 --- /dev/null +++ b/projects/11/Pong/Main.jack @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/11/Pong/Main.jack
+
+/**
+ * The main class of the Pong game.
+ */
+class Main {
+
+ /** Initializes a Pong game and starts running it. */
+ function void main() {
+ var PongGame game;
+ do PongGame.newInstance();
+ let game = PongGame.getInstance();
+ do game.run();
+ do game.dispose();
+ return;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/projects/11/Pong/PongGame.jack b/projects/11/Pong/PongGame.jack new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7e1ae4c --- /dev/null +++ b/projects/11/Pong/PongGame.jack @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
+// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
+// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
+// File name: projects/11/Pong/PongGame.jack
+
+/**
+ * Represents a Pong game.
+ */
+class PongGame {
+
+ static PongGame instance; // the singelton, a Pong game instance
+ field Bat bat; // the bat
+ field Ball ball; // the ball
+ field int wall; // the current wall that the ball is bouncing off of.
+ field boolean exit; // true when the game is over
+ field int score; // the current score.
+ field int lastWall; // the last wall that the ball bounced off of.
+
+ // The current width of the bat
+ field int batWidth;
+
+ /** Constructs a new Pong game. */
+ constructor PongGame new() {
+ do Screen.clearScreen();
+ let batWidth = 50; // initial bat size
+ let bat = Bat.new(230, 229, batWidth, 7);
+ let ball = Ball.new(253, 222, 0, 511, 0, 229);
+ do ball.setDestination(400,0);
+ do Screen.drawRectangle(0, 238, 511, 240);
+ do Output.moveCursor(22,0);
+ do Output.printString("Score: 0");
+
+ let exit = false;
+ let score = 0;
+ let wall = 0;
+ let lastWall = 0;
+
+ return this;
+ }
+
+ /** Deallocates the object's memory. */
+ method void dispose() {
+ do bat.dispose();
+ do ball.dispose();
+ do Memory.deAlloc(this);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /** Creates an instance of Pong game, and stores it. */
+ function void newInstance() {
+ let instance = PongGame.new();
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /** Returns the single instance of this Pong game. */
+ function PongGame getInstance() {
+ return instance;
+ }
+
+ /** Starts the game, and andles inputs from the user that control
+ * the bat's movement direction. */
+ method void run() {
+ var char key;
+
+ while (~exit) {
+ // waits for a key to be pressed.
+ while ((key = 0) & (~exit)) {
+ let key = Keyboard.keyPressed();
+ do bat.move();
+ do moveBall();
+ do Sys.wait(50);
+ }
+
+ if (key = 130) { do bat.setDirection(1); }
+ else {
+ if (key = 132) { do bat.setDirection(2); }
+ else {
+ if (key = 140) { let exit = true; }
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Waits for the key to be released.
+ while ((~(key = 0)) & (~exit)) {
+ let key = Keyboard.keyPressed();
+ do bat.move();
+ do moveBall();
+ do Sys.wait(50);
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (exit) {
+ do Output.moveCursor(10,27);
+ do Output.printString("Game Over");
+ }
+
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Handles ball movement, including bouncing.
+ * If the ball bounces off a wall, finds its new direction.
+ * If the ball bounces off the bat, increases the score by one
+ * and shrinks the bat's size, to make the game more challenging.
+ */
+ method void moveBall() {
+ var int bouncingDirection, batLeft, batRight, ballLeft, ballRight;
+
+ let wall = ball.move();
+
+ if ((wall > 0) & (~(wall = lastWall))) {
+ let lastWall = wall;
+ let bouncingDirection = 0;
+ let batLeft = bat.getLeft();
+ let batRight = bat.getRight();
+ let ballLeft = ball.getLeft();
+ let ballRight = ball.getRight();
+
+ if (wall = 4) {
+ let exit = (batLeft > ballRight) | (batRight < ballLeft);
+ if (~exit) {
+ if (ballRight < (batLeft + 10)) { let bouncingDirection = -1; }
+ else {
+ if (ballLeft > (batRight - 10)) { let bouncingDirection = 1; }
+ }
+
+ let batWidth = batWidth - 2;
+ do bat.setWidth(batWidth);
+ let score = score + 1;
+ do Output.moveCursor(22,7);
+ do Output.printInt(score);
+ }
+ }
+ do ball.bounce(bouncingDirection);
+ }
+ return;
+ }
+}
\ No newline at end of file |