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diff --git a/test/comments.html b/test/comments.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..33c95a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/test/comments.html @@ -0,0 +1,1728 @@ +<html op="item"> + +<head> +  <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> +  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> +  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="news.css?tAF4tq9j2V6cVUuRar65"> +  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico"> +  <title>Can we survive technology? (1955) [pdf] | Hacker News</title> +</head> + +<body> +  <center> +    <table id="hnmain" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="85%" +      bgcolor="#f6f6ef"> +      <tr> +        <td bgcolor="#ff6600"> +          <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" +            style="padding:2px"> +            <tr> +              <td style="width:18px;padding-right:4px"><a +                  href="https://news.ycombinator.com"><img src="y18.gif" +                    width="18" height="18" style="border:1px white solid;"></a> +              </td> +              <td style="line-height:12pt; height:10px;"><span +                  class="pagetop"><b class="hnname"><a href="news">Hacker +                      News</a></b> +                  <a href="newest">new</a> | <a href="front">past</a> | <a +                    href="newcomments">comments</a> | <a href="ask">ask</a> | <a +                    href="show">show</a> | <a href="jobs">jobs</a> | <a +                    href="submit">submit</a> </span></td> +              <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:4px;"><span +                  class="pagetop"> +                  <a href="login?goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363">login</a> +                </span></td> +            </tr> +          </table> +        </td> +      </tr> +      <tr id="pagespace" title="Can we survive technology? (1955) [pdf]" +        style="height:10px"></tr> +      <tr> +        <td> +          <table class="fatitem" border="0"> +            <tr class='athing' id='20724363'> +              <td align="right" valign="top" class="title"><span +                  class="rank"></span></td> +              <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                <center><a id='up_20724363' +                    href='vote?id=20724363&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                    <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                  </a></center> +              </td> +              <td class="title"><a +                  href="http://geosci.uchicago.edu/~kite/doc/von_Neumann_1955.pdf" +                  class="storylink">Can we survive technology? (1955) +                  [pdf]</a><span class="sitebit comhead"> (<a +                    href="from?site=uchicago.edu"><span +                      class="sitestr">uchicago.edu</span></a>)</span></td> +            </tr> +            <tr> +              <td colspan="2"></td> +              <td class="subtext"> +                <span class="score" id="score_20724363">62 points</span> by <a +                  href="user?id=aidanrocke" class="hnuser">aidanrocke</a> <span +                  class="age"><a href="item?id=20724363">7 hours ago</a></span> +                <span id="unv_20724363"></span> | <a +                  href="hide?id=20724363&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363">hide</a> +                | <a +                  href="https://hn.algolia.com/?query=Can%20we%20survive%20technology%3F&sort=byDate&dateRange=all&type=story&storyText=false&prefix&page=0" +                  class="hnpast">past</a> | <a +                  href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Can%20we%20survive%20technology%3F">web</a> +                | <a +                  href="fave?id=20724363&auth=33b19c1c456d816b8130681d8038bc03659e9883">favorite</a> +                | <a href="item?id=20724363">35 comments</a> </td> +            </tr> +            <tr style="height:10px"></tr> +            <tr> +              <td colspan="2"></td> +              <td> +                <form method="post" action="comment"><input type="hidden" +                    name="parent" value="20724363"><input type="hidden" +                    name="goto" value="item?id=20724363"><input type="hidden" +                    name="hmac" +                    value="6dded8f4002c4457bd16a43bce4e31883a75505c"><textarea +                    name="text" rows="6" cols="60"></textarea> +                  <br><br><input type="submit" value="add comment"></form> +              </td> +            </tr> +          </table><br><br> +          <table border="0" class='comment-tree'> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20724657'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="0"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20724657' +                          href='vote?id=20724657&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=erostrate" +                            class="hnuser">erostrate</a> <span class="age"><a +                              href="item?id=20724657">6 hours ago</a></span> +                          <span id="unv_20724657"></span><span +                            class="par"></span> <a class="togg" n="1" +                            href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20724657)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">"The carbon dioxide +                          released into the atmosphere by industry's +                          burning of coal and oil-—more than half of it during +                          the last generation—may have changed the +                          atmosphere's composition sufficiently to account +                          for a general warming of the world by about one degree +                          Fahrenheit."<p>"Even in an airplane the +                            number of vacuum tubes now approaches or exceeds a +                            thousand. Other machines, containing up to 10,000 +                            vacuum tubes, up to five times more crystals, and +                            possibly more than 100,000 cores, now operate +                            faultlessly over long periods, performing many +                            millions of regulated, preplanned actions per +                            second, with an expectation of only a few errors per +                            day or week. Many such machines have been built to +                            perform complicated scientific and engineering +                            calculations and large scale accounting and +                            logistical surveys. There is no doubt that they will +                            be used for elaborate industrial process control, +                            logistical, economic, and other +                            planning"</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20724657&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320724657">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20724640'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="0"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20724640' +                          href='vote?id=20724640&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=the-dude" class="hnuser">the-dude</a> +                          <span class="age"><a href="item?id=20724640">6 hours +                              ago</a></span> <span +                            id="unv_20724640"></span><span class="par"></span> +                          <a class="togg" n="10" href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20724640)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">"The carbon dioxide +                          released into the atmosphere by industry's +                          burning of coal and oil-—more than half of it during +                          the last generation—may have changed the +                          atmosphere's composition sufficiently to account +                          for a general warming of the world by about one degree +                          Fahrenheit. "<p>edit : this PDF looks like it has +                            been scanned, but the text is selectable. Not sure I +                            have seen this before.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20724640&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320724640">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20724763'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="40"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20724763' +                          href='vote?id=20724763&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"> +                        <span class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=IceWreck" class="hnuser">IceWreck</a> +                          <span class="age"> +                            <a href="item?id=20724763">5 hours ago</a> +                          </span> +                          <span id="unv_20724763"></span> +                          <span class="par"></span> +                          <a class="togg" n="7" href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20724763)"></a> +                          <span class='storyon'></span> +                        </span> +                      </div> +                      <br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">This is done with OCR, +                          specially when digitizing things.<p>The Internet +                            Archive does this a lot. There was an old 90s book +                            that I needed but they never made an electronic +                            edition. So the internet archive, scanned and +                            digitized it with character recognition to make a +                            select-able PDF like this, as well an epub that can +                            be read on your phone like any other ebook.<p>Now +                              that book is available for anyone to borrow and +                              read. (its still copyrighted so you gotta access +                              it via their DRM controlled app/website, but +                              that can be easily broken and its better than not +                              having access to that book at all)</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20724763&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320724763">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20724789'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="80"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20724789' +                          href='vote?id=20724789&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=the-dude" class="hnuser">the-dude</a> +                          <span class="age"><a href="item?id=20724789">5 hours +                              ago</a></span> <span +                            id="unv_20724789"></span><span class="par"></span> +                          <a class="togg" n="6" href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20724789)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">Thanks for the heads-up. Of +                          course I do know what OCR is. Just hadn't seen it +                          combined in the wild like this.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20724789&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320724789">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20724935'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="120"> +                    </td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20724935' +                          href='vote?id=20724935&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=rayiner" class="hnuser">rayiner</a> +                          <span class="age"><a href="item?id=20724935">5 hours +                              ago</a></span> <span +                            id="unv_20724935"></span><span class="par"></span> +                          <a class="togg" n="5" href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20724935)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">Acrobat has had this as a +                          built in feature forever.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20724935&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320724935">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20725011'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="160"> +                    </td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20725011' +                          href='vote?id=20725011&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=the-dude" class="hnuser">the-dude</a> +                          <span class="age"><a href="item?id=20725011">5 hours +                              ago</a></span> <span +                            id="unv_20725011"></span><span class="par"></span> +                          <a class="togg" n="2" href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20725011)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">Didn't know that either. +                          Makes me wonder if my browser ( PDF.js ) is doing the +                          OCR? Anybody knows?</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20725011&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320725011">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20725617'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="200"> +                    </td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20725617' +                          href='vote?id=20725617&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=philipkglass" +                            class="hnuser">philipkglass</a> <span class="age"><a +                              href="item?id=20725617">3 hours ago</a></span> +                          <span id="unv_20725617"></span><span +                            class="par"></span> <a class="togg" n="1" +                            href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20725617)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">He means that Acrobat Pro +                          includes an OCR system that you can use to add a +                          searchable text layer to scanned documents. Readers +                          like Acrobat Reader and PDF.js do not perform OCR. You +                          won't be able to use them to search scanned +                          documents if the document creator did not run OCR.<p> +                            Google runs its own OCR pass on scanned PDF +                            documents in order to index them better. It can be +                            annoying when you get a 50 page scanned document as +                            a search result and then find out that it +                            doesn't include a text layer, so you need to +                            run your own OCR or skim the whole thing to find the +                            relevant parts.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20725617&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320725617">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20725206'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="160"> +                    </td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20725206' +                          href='vote?id=20725206&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=agumonkey" +                            class="hnuser">agumonkey</a> <span class="age"><a +                              href="item?id=20725206">4 hours ago</a></span> +                          <span id="unv_20725206"></span><span +                            class="par"></span> <a class="togg" n="1" +                            href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20725206)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">True, but as parent, I +                          realized that only very recently.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20725206&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320725206">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20725003'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="160"> +                    </td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20725003' +                          href='vote?id=20725003&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=alttab" class="hnuser">alttab</a> +                          <span class="age"><a href="item?id=20725003">5 hours +                              ago</a></span> <span +                            id="unv_20725003"></span><span class="par"></span> +                          <a class="togg" n="1" href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20725003)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c5a">Guy's login is +                          "the-dude," he's been around for a +                          while.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20725003&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320725003">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20724688'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="40"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20724688' +                          href='vote?id=20724688&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=leggomylibro" +                            class="hnuser">leggomylibro</a> <span class="age"><a +                              href="item?id=20724688">6 hours ago</a></span> +                          <span id="unv_20724688"></span><span +                            class="par"></span> <a class="togg" n="1" +                            href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20724688)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">It's called Optical +                          Character Recognition:<p><a +                              href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_character_recognition" +                              rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_character_recognition</a> +                            <p>One of the few applications where ML-based image +                              recognition actually works reliably enough for +                              real-world applications; the USPS has been using +                              neural nets to read zip codes for decades.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20724688&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320724688">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20726063'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="40"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20726063' +                          href='vote?id=20726063&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=dinofacedude" +                            class="hnuser">dinofacedude</a> <span class="age"><a +                              href="item?id=20726063">2 hours ago</a></span> +                          <span id="unv_20726063"></span><span +                            class="par"></span> <a class="togg" n="1" +                            href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20726063)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">You see it a lot in academic +                          databases</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20726063&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320726063">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20724751'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="0"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20724751' +                          href='vote?id=20724751&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=damidekronik" +                            class="hnuser">damidekronik</a> <span class="age"><a +                              href="item?id=20724751">5 hours ago</a></span> +                          <span id="unv_20724751"></span><span +                            class="par"></span> <a class="togg" n="20" +                            href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20724751)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">"Consequently, a few +                          decades hence energy may be free—just +                          like the unmetered air—with coal and oil used mainly +                          as raw materials for organic chemical synthesis, to +                          which, as experience has shown, their properties are +                          best suited."<p>I am wondering why this +                            prediction is so off given how other ones are spot +                            on? How the situation back then made John von +                            Neumann believe it, and what happened differently, +                            moving this into the realms of fantasy.<p>Perhaps if +                              an another effort of a scale of the Manhattan +                              Project had happened, the concept of the +                              "free energy" would have been more +                              realistic.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20724751&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320724751">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20724814'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="40"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20724814' +                          href='vote?id=20724814&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=jaysonelliot" +                            class="hnuser">jaysonelliot</a> <span class="age"><a +                              href="item?id=20724814">5 hours ago</a></span> +                          <span id="unv_20724814"></span><span +                            class="par"></span> <a class="togg" n="11" +                            href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20724814)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">"Too cheap to +                          meter" was a common assumption about the future +                          of nuclear power when it first began. If you only look +                          at the amount of power available based on the raw +                          materials, it's a reasonable prediction.<p>They +                            simply didn't take into account all of the +                            associated costs and complexities that would be +                            involved with the actual nuclear power plants, not +                            to mention the political and social complications. +                            <p>That doesn't mean such a future can never +                              happen, it's theoretically possible. +                              We're simply in a place right now where +                              it's hard to imagine with our current level +                              of technology and our current energy +                              economy.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20724814&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320724814">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20724911'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="80"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20724911' +                          href='vote?id=20724911&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=rayiner" class="hnuser">rayiner</a> +                          <span class="age"><a href="item?id=20724911">5 hours +                              ago</a></span> <span +                            id="unv_20724911"></span><span class="par"></span> +                          <a class="togg" n="6" href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20724911)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">They didn’t expect that +                          government regulation would kill innovation in the +                          nuclear industry. If nuclear plants had not been +                          regulated so highly decades ago, we’d have abundant, +                          clean power today. We may have had hundreds of +                          thousands more dead from nuclear accidents, but that +                          would pale in comparison to the tens of millions saved +                          by phasing out coal earlier and pushing off climate +                          change.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20724911&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320724911">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20724915'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="120"> +                    </td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20724915' +                          href='vote?id=20724915&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=dragonwriter" +                            class="hnuser">dragonwriter</a> <span class="age"><a +                              href="item?id=20724915">5 hours ago</a></span> +                          <span id="unv_20724915"></span><span +                            class="par"></span> <a class="togg" n="2" +                            href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20724915)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">> They didn’t expect that +                          government regulation would kill innovation in the +                          nuclear industry. If nuclear plants had not been +                          regulated so highly decades ago, we’d have abundant, +                          clean power today.<p>The regulation is basically a +                            liability shield and subsidy, the industry wants +                            more, not less, of it to build plants.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20724915&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320724915">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20724947'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="160"> +                    </td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20724947' +                          href='vote?id=20724947&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=rayiner" class="hnuser">rayiner</a> +                          <span class="age"><a href="item?id=20724947">5 hours +                              ago</a></span> <span +                            id="unv_20724947"></span><span class="par"></span> +                          <a class="togg" n="1" href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20724947)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">That doesn’t mean that +                          regulation doesn’t impede innovation, e.g. by +                          eliminating the incentive to adopt safer cycles. +                          Moreover, the onerous review of reactor designs means +                          there is a high incentive to stick with older designs +                          that have already been reviewed by the government. +                          (Thats a double whammy, because it makes newer, safer +                          designs harder to deploy while reducing the incentive +                          to deploy them.)</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20724947&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320724947">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20725351'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="120"> +                    </td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20725351' +                          href='vote?id=20725351&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=dctoedt" class="hnuser">dctoedt</a> +                          <span class="age"><a href="item?id=20725351">4 hours +                              ago</a></span> <span +                            id="unv_20725351"></span><span class="par"></span> +                          <a class="togg" n="1" href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20725351)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">> <i>If nuclear plants had +                            not been regulated so highly decades ago, we’d have +                            abundant, clean power today. We may have had +                            hundreds of thousands more dead from nuclear +                            accidents, but that would pale in comparison to the +                            tens of millions saved by phasing out coal earlier +                            and pushing off climate change.</i> +                          <p>And if wishes were horses .... It's hard to +                            imagine how any democratic society could have gotten +                            past the salience bias to make that happen. (Also, +                            there's the better-the-devil-you-know +                            familiarity bias working in coal's favor, to +                            say nothing of the political influence of voters +                            depending directly or indirectly on coal for their +                            livelihoods.)<p>EDIT: This also brought to mind the +                              trolley problem [0], with the added wrinkle that +                              it's not possible to predict with any +                              confidence which specific persons would actually +                              be injured or killed.<p>[0] <a +                                  href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trolley_problem" +                                  rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trolley_problem</a> +                        </span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20725351&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320725351">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20725695'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="120"> +                    </td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20725695' +                          href='vote?id=20725695&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=jodrellblank" +                            class="hnuser">jodrellblank</a> <span class="age"><a +                              href="item?id=20725695">3 hours ago</a></span> +                          <span id="unv_20725695"></span><span +                            class="par"></span> <a class="togg" n="2" +                            href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20725695)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00"><i>If nuclear plants had not +                            been regulated so highly decades ago, we’d have +                            abundant, clean power today.</i> +                          <p>Are African and Latin American countries with less +                            effective governments and less regulation are +                            leading the world in innovation, cheap nuclear +                            power, genetic engineering and so on?<p>A casual +                              disregard for the living and a "happily ever +                              after" fairy tale correlates pretty well with +                              a lot of cult and religious behaviours, and +                              associated human tragedies, but not very well with +                              actual happily ever after, I think. +                        </span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20725695&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320725695">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20725825'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="160"> +                    </td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20725825' +                          href='vote?id=20725825&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=rayiner" class="hnuser">rayiner</a> +                          <span class="age"><a href="item?id=20725825">2 hours +                              ago</a></span> <span +                            id="unv_20725825"></span><span class="par"></span> +                          <a class="togg" n="1" href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20725825)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">Low regulation is a necessary +                          but not sufficient condition for innovation. You also +                          need the predicate technologies, precision +                          manufacturing capabilities, etc. But within the US, +                          where we have those things, loosely regulated +                          industries (like the Internet) have consistently +                          evolved faster than heavily regulated ones.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20725825&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320725825">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20724847'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="80"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20724847' +                          href='vote?id=20724847&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=damidekronik" +                            class="hnuser">damidekronik</a> <span class="age"><a +                              href="item?id=20724847">5 hours ago</a></span> +                          <span id="unv_20724847"></span><span +                            class="par"></span> <a class="togg" n="1" +                            href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20724847)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">Yea, that is of my +                          understanding too. There was no need for any great +                          advance in that matter at the time. Now however, the +                          situation is different, and yet, not as pressing as +                          the global conflict back then to fund another +                          "Los Alamos".</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20724847&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320724847">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20725187'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="80"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20725187' +                          href='vote?id=20725187&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=agumonkey" +                            class="hnuser">agumonkey</a> <span class="age"><a +                              href="item?id=20725187">4 hours ago</a></span> +                          <span id="unv_20725187"></span><span +                            class="par"></span> <a class="togg" n="1" +                            href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20725187)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">I wonder if they had the +                          'capacity paradox' in mind, where the more +                          you can have, you more you will use. In the 50s energy +                          usage were quite minuscule compared to today I +                          think.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20725187&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320725187">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20724819'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="80"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20724819' +                          href='vote?id=20724819&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=DanBC" class="hnuser">DanBC</a> <span +                            class="age"><a href="item?id=20724819">5 hours +                              ago</a></span> <span +                            id="unv_20724819"></span><span class="par"></span> +                          <a class="togg" n="2" href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20724819)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">> We're simply in a +                          place right now where it's hard to imagine with +                          our current level of technology and our current energy +                          economy.<p>...and the fact we have about 4bn more +                            people here than we did in 1960.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20724819&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320724819">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20725328'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="120"> +                    </td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20725328' +                          href='vote?id=20725328&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=dragonwriter" +                            class="hnuser">dragonwriter</a> <span class="age"><a +                              href="item?id=20725328">4 hours ago</a></span> +                          <span id="unv_20725328"></span><span +                            class="par"></span> <a class="togg" n="1" +                            href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20725328)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">We have far fewer people than +                          growth rate at the time suggested; IIRC, around that +                          time growth was viewed as exponential with a doubling +                          period of ~35 years, had it continued the population +                          would be 10.74 bn now, nearly 1.5× what it.<p>So, no, +                            population (at least <i>high</i> population) +                            isn't something that was unforeseen.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20725328&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320725328">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20725454'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="40"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20725454' +                          href='vote?id=20725454&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=carapace" class="hnuser">carapace</a> +                          <span class="age"><a href="item?id=20725454">3 hours +                              ago</a></span> <span +                            id="unv_20725454"></span><span class="par"></span> +                          <a class="togg" n="1" href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20725454)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">The sequestration of atomic +                          technology (not just power) is one of the rare areas +                          where the interests of the good guys and bad guys +                          coincide.<p>Energy <i>is</i> free: we have a fusion +                            generator that runs 24/7 with no maintenance +                            and is so powerful it can burn out your retinas from +                            150 million kilometers away.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20725454&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320725454">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20724797'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="40"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20724797' +                          href='vote?id=20724797&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=tim58" class="hnuser">tim58</a> <span +                            class="age"><a href="item?id=20724797">5 hours +                              ago</a></span> <span +                            id="unv_20724797"></span><span class="par"></span> +                          <a class="togg" n="1" href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20724797)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">This was before Chernobyl, +                          and without Chernobyl the industrialized world would +                          probably be mainly on nuclear fission power by now.<p> +                            This was also at a time when nuclear fusion energy +                            was theoretically possible but before half a century +                            of research has labeled the problem 'very +                            hard'.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20724797&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320724797">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20725213'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="40"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20725213' +                          href='vote?id=20725213&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=CamouflagedKiwi" +                            class="hnuser">CamouflagedKiwi</a> <span +                            class="age"><a href="item?id=20725213">4 hours +                              ago</a></span> <span +                            id="unv_20725213"></span><span class="par"></span> +                          <a class="togg" n="1" href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20725213)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">Sounds a bit like the Jevons +                          paradox - we improve the efficiency of energy +                          consumption, but it does not result in it being free, +                          because demand increases to counter.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20725213&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320725213">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20724994'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="40"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20724994' +                          href='vote?id=20724994&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=Spooky23" class="hnuser">Spooky23</a> +                          <span class="age"><a href="item?id=20724994">5 hours +                              ago</a></span> <span +                            id="unv_20724994"></span><span class="par"></span> +                          <a class="togg" n="1" href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20724994)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">Demand increased +                          dramatically.<p>If federal mortgage rules empathized +                            solar, you’d see near free energy production in +                            residential in a decade or two.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20724994&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320724994">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20725247'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="40"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20725247' +                          href='vote?id=20725247&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=philipkglass" +                            class="hnuser">philipkglass</a> <span class="age"><a +                              href="item?id=20725247">4 hours ago</a></span> +                          <span id="unv_20725247"></span><span +                            class="par"></span> <a class="togg" n="1" +                            href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20725247)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">He made other incorrect +                          predictions in the same document. We continue to +                          (incidentally and carelessly) change the climate, but +                          have yet to achieve anything like the reliably +                          controllable weather he anticipated.<p>He also +                            incorrectly anticipated that atomic transmutation of +                            the elements would become a bigger trend than +                            chemical rearrangement of existing elements.<p> +                              "It is worth emphasizing that the main trend +                              will be systematic exploration of nuclear +                              reactions — that is, the transmutation of +                              elements, or alchemy rather than chemistry." +                              <p>As for why he was mistaken about nuclear power, +                                it's possible that he was extrapolating +                                from the fantastically rapid progress of nuclear +                                weapons technology. Fission was demonstrated in +                                1938, the first chain reaction in 1942, the +                                first fission weapon in 1945. The first megaton +                                scale thermonuclear explosion was demonstrated +                                in 1952 and serial production of thermonuclear +                                weapons began in 1954. Between 1944 and 1954 the +                                explosive power of the largest military bombs +                                went up by a factor of roughly <i>two +                                  million</i> [1] [2]. There was a 2300-fold +                                leap from Grand Slam to Little Boy (6.5 tons TNT +                                equivalent to 15 kilotons) and another +                                thousand-fold leap from Little Boy to Castle +                                Bravo (15 kilotons to 15 megatons).<p>The +                                  challenges of making useful power reactors for +                                  electricity production are much different. +                                  Civilian power reactors have to compete with +                                  other electricity sources on cost. They have +                                  to produce power for decades rather than a +                                  fraction of a second. They are expected to +                                  fully contain fission products rather than +                                  disperse them widely as fallout. Recall that +                                  at the time of this writing, 1955, no country +                                  had yet built a power reactor comparable in +                                  output to large coal or hydroelectric plants. +                                  There had only been some small demonstrations +                                  like the 2 megawatts of electricity produced +                                  by the BORAX-III reactor. The actual +                                  difficulties to be encountered at larger +                                  scales were not yet known.<p>Finally, +                                    "affordable" electricity was a +                                    moving target. In constant dollars, large +                                    American industrial buyers were paying 40% +                                    less per megawatt hour in 1970 than they +                                    were in 1950 [3]. Concerns about acutely +                                    hazardous air pollution were not yet +                                    widespread enough to justify a cost premium +                                    over fossil-generated power. Widespread +                                    concerns about greenhouse gas emissions were +                                    even further off.<p>[1] <a +                                        href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Slam_(bomb)" +                                        rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Slam_(bomb)</a> +                                      <p>[2] <a +                                          href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_17_nuclear_bomb" +                                          rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_17_nuclear_bomb</a> +                                        <p>[3] <a +                                            href="https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/histstats-colonial-1970.pdf" +                                            rel="nofollow">https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/histstats-colonial-1970.p...</a> +                                          - page 827</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20725247&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320725247">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20725001'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="40"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20725001' +                          href='vote?id=20725001&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=n-exploit" +                            class="hnuser">n-exploit</a> <span class="age"><a +                              href="item?id=20725001">5 hours ago</a></span> +                          <span id="unv_20725001"></span><span +                            class="par"></span> <a class="togg" n="3" +                            href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20725001)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c73">Within the U.S. - we live in +                          a profit-maximizing capitalist structure. Why would +                          any economic entity give something away for free when +                          a profit can be made?</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20725001&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320725001">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20725134'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="80"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20725134' +                          href='vote?id=20725134&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=al3xandre" +                            class="hnuser">al3xandre</a> <span class="age"><a +                              href="item?id=20725134">4 hours ago</a></span> +                          <span id="unv_20725134"></span><span +                            class="par"></span> <a class="togg" n="2" +                            href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20725134)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">Competition pushing price +                          down to a near-zero cost base? like the $1 +                          microcontroller you can buy today.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20725134&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320725134">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20725272'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="120"> +                    </td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20725272' +                          href='vote?id=20725272&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=hhh" class="hnuser">hhh</a> <span +                            class="age"><a href="item?id=20725272">4 hours +                              ago</a></span> <span +                            id="unv_20725272"></span><span class="par"></span> +                          <a class="togg" n="1" href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20725272)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">or the one cent +                          microcontroller you can buy today.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20725272&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320725272">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20724835'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="0"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20724835' +                          href='vote?id=20724835&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=hi41" class="hnuser">hi41</a> <span +                            class="age"><a href="item?id=20724835">5 hours +                              ago</a></span> <span +                            id="unv_20724835"></span><span class="par"></span> +                          <a class="togg" n="1" href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20724835)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">I remember the immortal words +                          of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. about man being able to +                          master technology and yet not have have grown +                          comparably enough in spirituality to live as +                          brothers.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20724835&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320724835">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20724368'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="0"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20724368' +                          href='vote?id=20724368&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=aidanrocke" +                            class="hnuser">aidanrocke</a> <span class="age"><a +                              href="item?id=20724368">7 hours ago</a></span> +                          <span id="unv_20724368"></span><span +                            class="par"></span> <a class="togg" n="1" +                            href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20724368)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">For the kind of explosiveness +                          that man +                          will be able to contrive by 1980, the globe +                          is dangerously small, its political units +                          dangerously unstable.-John von Neumann</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20724368&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320724368">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20724750'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="0"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20724750' +                          href='vote?id=20724750&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=c3534l" class="hnuser">c3534l</a> +                          <span class="age"><a href="item?id=20724750">5 hours +                              ago</a></span> <span +                            id="unv_20724750"></span><span class="par"></span> +                          <a class="togg" n="2" href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20724750)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">I'm not sure if there +                          ever existed a man as ahead of his time as Von +                          Neumann.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20724750&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320724750">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +            <tr class='athing comtr ' id='20725525'> +              <td> +                <table border='0'> +                  <tr> +                    <td class='ind'><img src="s.gif" height="1" width="40"></td> +                    <td valign="top" class="votelinks"> +                      <center><a id='up_20725525' +                          href='vote?id=20725525&how=up&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363'> +                          <div class='votearrow' title='upvote'></div> +                        </a></center> +                    </td> +                    <td class="default"> +                      <div style="margin-top:2px; margin-bottom:-10px;"><span +                          class="comhead"> +                          <a href="user?id=carapace" class="hnuser">carapace</a> +                          <span class="age"><a href="item?id=20725525">3 hours +                              ago</a></span> <span +                            id="unv_20725525"></span><span class="par"></span> +                          <a class="togg" n="1" href="javascript:void(0)" +                            onclick="return toggle(event, 20725525)"></a> <span +                            class='storyon'></span> +                        </span></div><br> +                      <div class="comment"> +                        <span class="commtext c00">Da Vinci? Bucky Fuller?<p> +                            Legend has it that when Gödel presented "On the +                            Completeness of the Logical Calculus" von +                            Neumann threw in the towel (on Hilbert's +                            program) on the spot.</span> +                        <div class='reply'> +                          <p> +                            <font size="1"> +                              <u><a +                                  href="reply?id=20725525&goto=item%3Fid%3D20724363%2320725525">reply</a></u> +                            </font> +                        </div> +                      </div> +                    </td> +                  </tr> +                </table> +              </td> +            </tr> +          </table> +          <br><br> +        </td> +      </tr> +      <tr> +        <td><img src="s.gif" height="10" width="0"> +          <table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1"> +            <tr> +              <td bgcolor="#ff6600"></td> +            </tr> +          </table><br> +          <center><span class="yclinks"><a +                href="newsguidelines.html">Guidelines</a> +              | <a href="newsfaq.html">FAQ</a> +              | <a href="mailto:hn@ycombinator.com">Support</a> +              | <a href="https://github.com/HackerNews/API">API</a> +              | <a href="security.html">Security</a> +              | <a href="lists">Lists</a> +              | <a href="bookmarklet.html" rel="nofollow">Bookmarklet</a> +              | <a href="http://www.ycombinator.com/legal/">Legal</a> +              | <a href="http://www.ycombinator.com/apply/">Apply to YC</a> +              | <a href="mailto:hn@ycombinator.com">Contact</a></span><br><br> +            <form method="get" action="//hn.algolia.com/">Search: +              <input type="text" name="q" value="" size="17" autocorrect="off" +                spellcheck="false" autocapitalize="off" autocomplete="false"> +            </form> +          </center> +        </td> +      </tr> +    </table> +  </center> +</body> +<script type='text/javascript' src='hn.js?tAF4tq9j2V6cVUuRar65'></script> + +</html>  | 
