path: root/emms.texinfo

\input texinfo   @c -*-texinfo-*-
@c %**start of header
@setfilename emms.info
@settitle The Emms Manual
@c %**end of header

@c History: The Emms manual was almost entirely rewritten for the
@c release of Emms version 2.

@c As a rule, modules which are stable enough to be included into the
@c `emms-all' setup level should be documented. That is, any feature
@c which is considered stable should be included.

@dircategory Emacs
@direntry
* Emms: (emms).           The Emacs Multimedia System
@end direntry

@copying
 @copyright{} 2004, 2005, 2006
   Yoni Rabkin, Jorgen Schaefer, Mario Domgoergen
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A
copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
Documentation License".
@end quotation
@end copying

@c For printed material
@titlepage
@title The Emms Manual

@page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
@insertcopying
@end titlepage

@contents
@c END For printed material

@ifnottex
@node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir)
@top Emms Manual

This is the Manual for the Emacs Multimedia System
@menu
Starting out
* Introduction::        Introduction to Emms.
* Installation::        How to install Emms on your System.
* Simple Setup::        Quick, basic default Emms setup.
* Configuration::       More detailed setup and configuration.

Emms basics
* Basic Commands::      How to control Emms with ease.
* The Core File::       The inner core of Emms.
* Sources::             Sources for playlists-creation.
* Simple Players::      Some simple players.
* Playlists::           How Emms organizes media

Advanced Features
* Track Information::        More narrative track descriptions.
* Interactive Playlists::    Interactive Playlists.

Modules and Extensions
* The Browser::         Advanced metadata browsing.
* Sorting Playlists::   Sorting the order of the tracks.
* Emms Mode Line::      Emms information on the mode line.
* Music Player Daemon:: Interface to Music Player Daemon.
* Streaming Audio::     Interface to streaming audio.
* Lyrics::              Displaying lyrics synchronously.
* Extending Emms::      How to define new players and modules.

Copying and license
* Copying::             The GNU General Public License gives you permission to
                            redistribute Emms on certain terms; it also explains
                            that there is no warranty.
* The GNU FDL::         The license for this documentation.

Indices
* Concept Index::
* Function Index::
* Variable Index::
* Keybinding Index::

@detailmenu
--- The Detailed Node Listing ---

Here are some other nodes which are really inferiors of the ones
already listed, mentioned here so you can get to them in one step:

Installation
* Compiling Emms::      Compiling Emms into Byte-Code

The Core File
* User Variables::     Variables for the user to tweak.
* Hooks::              Hooks for important Emms functions.
* Core Functions::     Providing the basic functionality of Emms.

Track Information
* Defining Info Methods::    Defining new info methods

Extending Emms
* New Player::  How to define a new player
* Simple Player for `play':: Example player using @command{play}
* More Complex Player:: Example of a complex player using @command{mpg321}
@end detailmenu
@end menu

@end ifnottex


@node Introduction
@chapter Introduction

@cindex introduction

Emms is the Emacs Multi-Media System. It tries to be a clean and small
application to play multimedia files from Emacs using external
players. Many of its ideas are derived from
@uref{http://www.nongnu.org/mp3player, MpthreePlayer}, but it tries to
be more general and more clean.

The basic functionality of Emms consists of three parts: The core, the
sources, and the players.

The core resides in @file{emms.el}, and provides a simple playlist and the
basic functionality to use all the other features of Emms. It provides
the common user commands and interfaces for other parts. It thinks in
tracks, where a track is the combination of a type and a name - e.g.
the track type 'file has a name that is the file name. Other track
types are possible.

To get to tracks, the core needs sources. The file @file{emms-source-file.el}
provides simple sources to interact with the file system.

When Emms finally has the sources in the playlist, it needs a player
to play them. @file{emms-player-simple.el} defines a few useful players, and
allows you to define your own in a very simple way.

The way Emms works is easy to customize with your own code or by using
`M-x customize'.

@node Installation
@chapter Installation

@cindex installation

You need to put all the .el files of emms in a directory in your
load-path. For example, if you put all those files into ~/elisp/emms/,
then in your ~/.emacs, you should do:

@lisp
(add-to-list 'load-path "~/elisp/emms/")
@end lisp
@noindent

@menu
* Compiling Emms::      Compiling Emms into Byte-Code
@end menu

@node Compiling Emms
@section Compiling Emms

@cindex compiling

If you are using XEmacs, you will need to edit @file{Makefile} as
follows before continuing.

@example
EMACS=xemacs
SITEFLAG=-no-site-file
@end example

You can byte-compile Emms by first entering the directory containing the
Emms source code, followed by invoking:

@command{make}

Which will byte compile Emms. You can then invoke:

@command{make install}

Which will install Emms into your Emacs directories (provided you have
the appropriate permissions to do so on your system).

Note that Emms is a light-weight and agile program, you can therefore
run Emms just fine without byte compiling it.

@node Simple Setup
@chapter Simple Setup

@cindex simple setup
@cindex setting up Emms
@cindex quick setup

After adding the location of the Emms code to the @var{load-path}
variable, see @xref{Installation}. We invoke the following using the
`emms-setup' feature which allows for quick and simple Emms setup.

@lisp
(require 'emms-setup)
(emms-standard)
(emms-default-players)
@end lisp

After which Emms is set-up and ready to go!

The above will setup Emms with standard features (interactive
playlists, audio track tag reading etc.) and a default list of players
(ogg, mp3, mplayer etc.).

The `emms-setup' feature is provided by the file
@file{emms-setup.el}. It is essentially a collection of shortcuts for
setting up Emms quickly and simply. Everything you can do with
`emms-setup' can also be done manually.

We use `emms-setup' by calling one of the setup functions. Each of the
functions sets up Emms to include a number of features.

@defun emms-minimalistic
An Emms setup script.
Invisible playlists and all the basics for playing media.
@end defun

@defun emms-standard
An Emms setup script.
Everything included in the @code{emms-minimalistic} setup, the Emms
interactive playlist mode and reading information from tagged
audio files.
@end defun

@defun emms-all
An Emms setup script.
Everything included in the @code{emms-standard} setup and adds all the
stable features which come with the Emms distribution.
@end defun

@defun emms-devel
An Emms setup script.
Everything included in the @code{emms-all} setup and adds all of the
features which come with the Emms distribution regardless of if they
are considered stable or not.  Use this if you like living on the
edge.
@end defun

`emms-setup' also comes with a convenience function to set a default
list of media players.

@defun emms-default-players
Set @var{emms-player-list} to @var{emms-setup-default-player-list}.
@end defun

It is also worth noting that you can write your own Emms setup
functions like the above by looking at the existing function
definitions in @file{emms-setup.el}.

@node Configuration
@chapter Configuration

@cindex Configuration

This chapter discusses the configuration of Emms in more detail.

The following code fragment provides a minimal Emms setup without
using the layer of `emms-setup'. It can maybe be used to better
understand the internals of Emms. You can see how Emms needs to know
about players (these are defined in `emms-player-simple') and about
sources for tracks (trivial file system based sources, such as this
`emms-directory-tree', are defined in `emms-source-file').

@lisp
(require 'emms-player-simple)
(require 'emms-source-file)
(require 'emms-source-playlist)
(setq emms-player-list '(emms-player-mpg321
                         emms-player-ogg123
                         emms-player-mplayer))
@end lisp

For a discussion on how to define additional players, see @xref{Simple
Players}.

Much of the behaviour of Emms can be changed by setting
variables. For example:

@lisp
(setq emms-info-asynchronously nil)
(setq emms-playlist-buffer-name "*Music*")
@end lisp

The first @code{setq} turns off the asynchronous updating of info tags. The
second sets the default name of the Emms playlist buffer.

Another way to change Emms variables is to use the M-x
@command{customize} mechanism provided by Emacs.

@menu
* Finding files and speed::     Finding files quickly or portably
@end menu

@node Finding files and speed
@section Finding files and speed

@cindex files
@cindex speed

Emms needs to traverse directories in order to find playable
media. The default method Emms uses to achive this is
@code{emms-source-file-directory-tree-internal} as defined in
@file{emms-source-file.el}.  The above method is written portably and
will always work, but might be too slow if we want to load several
hundred tracks (or more).

@file{emms-source-file.el} defines another method for finding files,
@code{emms-source-file-directory-tree-find} which uses
GNU/find. @code{emms-source-file-directory-tree-find} is usually an
order of magnitude faster, but of course will not work if you do not
have GNU/find installed.

The method Emms will use is defined in the customisable variable
@var{emms-source-file-directory-tree-function}.

@node Basic Commands
@chapter Basic Commands

@cindex basic commands
@cindex commands, basic

Before you can use the interface commands, you need a playlist to
start with. The following commands allow you to add to the current
playlist from different sources:

Note that the commands with the ``emms-add-'' prefix add the source to
the playlist but do not start playing it immediately. Conversely, the
commands with the ``emms-play-'' prefix begin playing the track
immediately.

@defun emms-play-file file
A source for a single file - either @var{file}, or queried from the
user. If called with a prefix the file will be added like
@command{emms-add-file}.
@end defun
@defun emms-add-file file
A source for a single file - either @var{file}, or queried from
the user. If called with a prefix the file will be played like
@command{emms-play-file}.
@end defun
@defun emms-play-directory dir
A source for a whole directory tree - either @var{dir}, or queried
from the user.
@end defun
@defun emms-add-directory dir
A source for a whole directory tree - either @var{dir}, or queried
from the user.
@end defun
@defun emms-play-directory-tree dir
A source for multiple directory trees - either @var{dir}, or the
value of @var{emms-source-file-default-directory}.
@end defun
@defun emms-add-directory-tree dir
A source for multiple directory trees - either @var{dir}, or the
value of @var{emms-source-file-default-directory}.
@end defun
@defun emms-play-url url
A source for an @var{url} - for example, for streaming.
@end defun
@defun emms-add-url url
A source for an @var{url} - for example, for streaming.
@end defun
@defun emms-play-playlist playlist
A source for the M3u or PLS playlist format from the file @var{playlist}.
@end defun
@defun emms-add-playlist playlist
A source for the M3u or PLS playlist format from the file @var{playlist}.
@end defun
@defun emms-play-find dir regexp
A source that will find files in @var{dir} or
@var{emms-source-file-default-directory} which match @var{regexp}.
@end defun
@defun emms-add-find dir regexp
A source that will find files in @var{dir} or
@var{emms-source-file-default-directory} which match @var{regexp}.
@end defun

The basic functionality of Emms is just to play music without being
noticed. It provides a few commands to skip the current track and
such, but other than that it doesn't show up. Emms provides the
following basic user commands (which you might want to bind to
keystrokes):

@defun emms-start
Start playing the current playlist
@end defun
@defun emms-stop
Stop playing
@end defun
@defun emms-next
Start playing the next track in the playlist
@end defun
@defun emms-previous
Start playing previous track in the playlist
@end defun
@defun emms-shuffle
Shuffle the current playlist. This uses
@var{emms-playlist-shuffle-function}.
@end defun
@defun emms-sort
Sort the current playlist. This uses
@var{emms-playlist-sort-function}.
@end defun
@defun emms-show &optional insertp
Describe the current Emms track in the minibuffer. If @var{insertp} is
non-nil, insert the description into the current buffer instead. This
function uses @var{emms-show-format} to format the current track.
@end defun

@node The Core File
@chapter The Core File

@cindex core file
@cindex heart of Emms
@cindex primitive functions

The core file @file{emms.el} provides the all basic functions for
playing music, generating playlists and defining players.

@menu
* User Variables::     Variables for the user to tweak.
* Hooks::              Hooks for important Emms functions.
* Core Functions::     Providing the basic functionality of Emms.
@end menu

@node User Variables
@section User Variables

@cindex user variables
@cindex options

The core file defines a number of user variables.

@defopt emms-player-list
A list of players Emms can use. You need to set this in order to use
Emms to play media.
@end defopt
@defopt emms-show-format
The format to use for @command{emms-show}. Any "%s" is replaced by
what @var{emms-track-description-function} returns for the currently
playing track.
@end defopt
@defopt emms-repeat-playlist
Non-nil if the Emms playlist should automatically repeat the playlist.
If nil, playback will stop when the last track finishes playing.
@end defopt
@defopt emms-track-description-function
Function for describing an Emms track in a user-friendly way.
@end defopt
@defopt emms-sort-lessp-function
A function that compares two tracks, and returns non-nil if the first
track should be sorted before the second (see also @code{sort}).
@end defopt

@node Hooks
@section Hooks

@cindex hooks
@cindex adding functionality

The core file provides hook variables for the basic functionality of
Emms.

@defopt emms-player-started-hook
A hook run when an Emms player started playing.
@end defopt
@defopt emms-player-stopped-hook
A hook run when an Emms player stopped playing. See also
@var{emms-player-finished-hook}.
@end defopt
@defopt emms-playlist-source-inserted-hook
Hook run when a source got inserted into the playlist. The buffer is
narrowed to the new tracks.
@end defopt
@defopt emms-playlist-selection-changed-hook
Hook run after another track is selected in the Emms playlist.
@end defopt
@defopt emms-playlist-cleared-hook
Hook run after the current Emms playlist is cleared. This happens both
when the playlist is cleared and when a new buffer is created for it.
@end defopt
@defopt emms-player-finished-hook
Hook run when an Emms player finishes playing a track. Please pay
attention to the differences between @var{emms-player-finished-hook}
and @var{emms-player-stopped-hook}. The former is called only when the
player is stopped interactively; the latter, only when the player
actually finishes playing a track.
@end defopt
@defopt emms-player-paused-hook
Hook run when a player is paused or resumed. Use
@var{emms-player-paused-p} to find the current state.
@end defopt

@node Core Functions
@section Core Functions

@cindex core functions
@cindex basic functions

The core file also defines all the functions important to the basic
use of Emms.

There are functions which deal with movement in the playlist.

@defun emms-next-noerror
Start playing the next track in the Emms playlist. Unlike
@code{emms-next}, this function doesn't signal an error when called at
the end of the playlist. This function should only be called when no
player is playing. This is a good function to put in
@code{emms-player-finished-hook}.
@end defun
@defun emms-playlist-next
Move to the previous track in the current buffer.
@end defun
@defun emms-playlist-previous
Move to the previous track in the current buffer.
@end defun
@defun emms-random
Jump to a random track.
@end defun
@defun emms-toggle-repeat-playlist
Toggle whether emms repeats the playlist after it is done. See
@var{emms-repeat-playlist}.
@end defun
@defun emms-toggle-repeat-track
Toggle whether emms repeats the current track. See
@var{emms-repeat-track}.
@end defun

Some functions deal with the getting and setting track information.

@defun emms-track type name
Create a track with type @var{type} and name @var{name}.
@end defun
@defun emms-track-type track
Return the type of @var{track}.
@end defun
@defun emms-track-name track
Return the name of @var{track}.
@end defun
@defun emms-track-get name track &optional inexistent
Return the value of @var{name} for @var{track}. If there is no value,
return @var{default} (or nil, if not given).
@end defun
@defun emms-track-set track name value
Set the value of @var{name} for @var{track} to @var{value}.
@end defun
@defun emms-track-description track
Return a description of @var{track}. This function uses
@var{emms-track-description-function}.
@end defun
@defun emms-player-for track
Return an Emms player capable of playing @var{track}. This will be the
first player whose PLAYABLEP function returns non-nil, or nil if no
such player exists.
@end defun
@defun emms-playlist-current-selected-track
Return the currently selected track in the current playlist.
@end defun

There are also functions which deal with the playing itself.

@defun emms-player-start track
Start playing @var{track}.
@end defun
@defun emms-player-stop
Stop the currently playing player.
@end defun
@defun emms-player-stopped
Declare that the current Emms player is finished.
This should only be done by the current player itself.
@end defun
@defun emms-seek seconds
Seek the current player @var{seconds} seconds. This can be a floating
point number for sub-second fractions. It can also be negative to
seek backwards.
@end defun
@defun emms-seek-forward
Seek ten seconds forward.
@end defun
@defun emms-seek-backward
Seek ten seconds backward.
@end defun

For more basic commands defined in the core file see @xref{Basic
Commands}.

@node Sources
@chapter Sources

@cindex Sources

Sources allow Emms to add and play tracks. Emms comes with a number of
sources of its own. Sources are designed so that creating new ones
will be easy.

For examples of Emms sources for files and directories see
@file{emms-source-file.el}.

@defopt emms-source-file-default-directory
The default directory to look for media files.
@end defopt
@defun emms-play-find
Play all files in @var{emms-source-file-default-directory} that match
a specific regular expression.
@end defun
@defun emms-source-file &optional file
An Emms source for a single file - either @var{file}, or queried from the
user.
@end defun
@defun emms-source-files files
An Emms source for a list of @var{files}.
@end defun
@defun emms-source-directory &optional dir
An Emms source for a whole directory tree - either @var{dir}, or queried
from the user
@end defun
@defun emms-source-directory-tree & optional dir
An Emms source for multiple directory trees - either @var{dir}, or the
value of @var{emms-source-file-default-directory}.
@end defun
@defun emms-source-playlist file
An EMMS source for playlists.  See `emms-source-playlist-formats' for
a list of supported formats.
@end defun
@defun emms-source-playlist-native file
An EMMS source for a native EMMS playlist file.
@end defun
@defun emms-source-playlist-m3u file
An EMMS source for an m3u playlist file.
@end defun
@defun emms-source-playlist-pls file
An EMMS source for a pls playlist file.
@end defun
@defun emms-source-find &optional dir regex
An Emms source that will find files in @var{dir} or
@var{emms-source-file-default-directory} that match @var{regexp}.
@end defun
@defun emms-source-file-directory-tree &optional dir
Return a list of all files under @var{dir} which match @var{regex}.
@end defun
@defun emms-source-dired
Play all marked files of a dired buffer
@end defun
@defun emms-source-file-regex
Return a regexp that matches everything any player (that supports
files) can play.
@end defun
@defun emms-locate regexp
Search for @var{regexp} and display the results in a locate buffer
@end defun

@node Simple Players
@chapter Simple Players

@cindex players, simple

@defmac define-emms-simple-player name types regex command &rest args
Define a simple player with the use of `emms-define-player'.
@var{name} is used to construct the name of the function like
emms-player-@var{name}. @var{types} is a list of track types
understood by this player. @var{regex} must be a regexp that matches
the filenames the player can play. @var{command} specifies the command
line argument to call the player and @var{args} are the command line
arguments.
@end defmac

For a discussion on how to define new players see @xref{New Player}.

@defun emms-player-simple-stop
Stop the currently playing process, if indeed there is one.
@end defun
@defun emms-player-simple-start filename cmdname params
Starts a process playing @var{filename} using the specified @var{cmdname} with
the specified @var{params}.
@end defun
@defun emms-player-simple-sentinel proc str
Sentinel for determining the end of process for the process @var{proc}
and the sentinel string @var{str}.
@end defun

@node Playlists
@chapter Playlists

@cindex organizing tracks and media

Emms uses Emacs buffers to store the media tracks for playing. We call
one such buffer a ``playlist buffer'' or an ``Emms playlist
buffer''. Emms then proceeds to play the media tracks in the buffer
from top to bottom until the end of the playlist.

The name of the playlist buffer is defined in the variable
@var{emms-playlist-buffer-name} and is set to be an invisible Emacs
buffer by default. You can change to any name you want. For an example
configuration see @xref{Configuration}.

You can create any number of playlist buffers you wish. At any time
Emms has a single ``current'' buffer through which it proceeds track
by track.

@defun emms-playlist-new &optional name
Create a new playlist buffer.
The buffer is named @var{name}, but made unique. @var{name} defaults
to `emms-playlist-buffer-name'. If called interactively, the new
buffer is also selected.
@end defun

@defun emms-playlist-save &optional format file
Store the current playlist to FILE as the type FORMAT.  The default
format is specified by `emms-source-playlist-default-format'.
@end defun

The current Emms playlist buffer is stored in the variable
@var{emms-playlist-buffer}.

@node Track Information
@chapter Track Information

@cindex track information
@cindex info tags

Emms is distributed with two predefined methods for retrieving info,
provided by @file{emms-info-mp3info.el} and
@file{emms-info-ogginfo.el}. Both packages are front-ends for
command-line tools. Ogg track information is retrieved using the
@uref{http://directory.fsf.org/audio/ogg/vorbistools.html, ogginfo}
software. Likewise, mp3 track information is available using
@uref{http://www.ibiblio.org/mp3info/, mp3info}.

Automatic track information retrieval is enabled by default in the
`emms-standard', `emms-all' and `emms-devel' setup levels provided by
@file{emms-setup.el}. For more information about @file{emms-setup.el}
see @xref{Simple Setup}.

If you would like to know how Emms track retreival works and how we
can define new methods for track retrieval see @xref{Defining Info
Methods}.

There are a number of user variables which control the behaviour of
`emms-info'.

@defopt emms-info-auto-update
Non-nil when Emms should update track information if the file changes.
This will cause hard drive activity on track loading. If this is too
annoying for you, set this variable to nil.
@end defopt
@defopt emms-info-asynchronously
Non-nil when track information should be loaded asynchronously. This
requires the feature `later-do' which is provided by the file
@file{later-do.el}, which should come with Emms.
@end defopt
@defopt emms-info-functions
Functions which add information to tracks.  Each is called with a
track as argument.
@end defopt

@menu
* Defining Info Methods::    Defining new info methods
@end menu

@node Defining Info Methods
@section Defining Info Methods

@cindex defining info methods

An info method essentially consists of a function which given an Emms
track returns the appropriate info for that track.

We can for example look at the predefined method for retrieving
information about audio tracks in the Ogg format.

The function @command{emms-info-ogginfo} provided by
@file{emms-info-ogginfo.el} accepts an Emms track as a single
argument and returns the appropriate information string.

We then register our info function with Emms by adding it to the
@var{emms-info-functions} list. The function will then be called at
the right time to provide track info.

@lisp
(add-to-list 'emms-info-functions 'emms-info-ogginfo)
@end lisp

@node Interactive Playlists
@chapter Interactive Playlists

@cindex Interactive Playlists

Emms provides a visual, interactive playlist mode as well as the
ability to use playlists without ever looking at then. This visual,
interactive mode is called the `emms-playlist-mode' and is defined in
@file{emms-playlist-mode.el}.

The interactive playlist mode is enabled by default in the
`emms-standard', `emms-all' and `emms-devel' setup levels. For more
information about Emms setup levels see @xref{Simple Setup}.

@defun emms-playlist-mode-go
Switch to the current emms-playlist buffer and use emms-playlist-mode.
@end defun

The interactive playlist buffer shows the tracks in the current Emms
playlist in the order in which they will be played. The current track
will be highlighted.

When in the interactive playlist mode we can perform different actions
on the current playlist.

@table @kbd
@item n
@findex emms-next
Start playing the next track in the playlist.
@item p
@findex emms-next
Start playing the previous track in the playlist.
@item s
@findex emms-stop
Stop playing.
@item f
@findex emms-show
Describe the currently playing track in the minibuffer.
@item c
@findex emms-playlist-mode-center-current
Display the current track in the center of the screen.
@item RET
@findex emms-playlist-mode-play-current-track
Start playing the track under point. Note that this is also available
with @kbd{<mouse-2>}.
@item M-<
@findex emms-playlist-mode-first
Go to the first track in the playlist. @kbd{M->} completes this
command by going to the last track in the playlist using
@command{emms-playlist-mode-last}.
@item r
@findex emms-random
Go to a randomly selected track in the playlist.
@item q
@findex bury-buffer
Put the interactive playlist buffer at the end of the list of all
buffers.
@item C-x C-s
@findex emms-playlist-save
Save the current playlist buffer to a file.
@item ?
@findex describe-mode
Describe the mode.
@end table

We can also edit the playlist using familiar GNU/Emacs commands:

@table @kbd
@item C-k
@findex emms-playlist-mode-kill-track
Remove the track under point from the playlist buffer. Also available
using the @kbd{d} key.
@item C-y
@findex emms-playlist-mode-yank
See the command @command{yank}
@item C-w
@findex emms-playlist-mode-kill
See the command @command{kill-region}
@item M-y
@findex emms-playlist-mode-yank-pop
See the command @command{yank-pop}.
@item C-j
@findex emms-playlist-mode-insert-newline
Insert a newline at point.
@end table

We can use the regular GNU/Emacs killing and yanking commands to move
and copy tracks in between playlist buffers. We can use the same
commands to insert arbitrary text into the playlist buffers together
with the playlist tracks. Text which is not a track is ignored by the
program and can therefore be used to include titles and annotations
within the playlist.

@node Extending Emms
@chapter Extending Emms

@cindex new players
@cindex defining players
@cindex new players, defining

Emms introduces a high abstraction layer for playing music so you can
customise it to your needs.

@menu
* New Player::  How to define a new player
* Simple Player for `play':: An example player using @command{play}
* More Complex Player:: Example of a complex player using @command{mpg321}
@end menu

@node New Player
@section New Player

@cindex new player
@cindex defining new players

The file @file{emms-player-simple.el} defines some easy players to
start with, but it shouldn't be hard to provide a function for your
favourite player. We will start with an easy example that shows how
we can use the @command{play} command under Unix to play our WAV files.

@node Simple Player for `play'
@section Simple Player for `play'

@cindex simple player
@cindex primitive player
@cindex basic player

Play is a very easy command line player for various format. If you
want your emms to play WAV files just put the following lines in you
@file{.emacs}:

@lisp
(require 'emms-player-simple)
(define-emms-simple-player play '(file) "\\.wav$" "play")
@end lisp
@noindent

Huh! Wasn't that easy?

The macro function @command{define-emms-simple-player} takes a minimum
of three arguments. The first argument (@emph{play} in our example)
defines the name of the player. It's used to name the player
functions. The second is a regexp, that defines which files to play
with our player. @emph{\\.wav$} matches any filename ending with a dot
and the string wav. The last argument is the actual command line
command we use to play our files. You can also add the path but we
just assume that the command is in your path. All arguments you add to
these three are optional. They define the command line arguments you
want to add to your argument. If you want to hear the wav file of your
favourite artist in the most possible volume use the following line:

@lisp
(require 'emms-player-simple)

(define-emms-simple-player play
                           '(file)
                           "\\artist-*.wav$"
                           "play"
                           "--volume=100")
@end lisp
@noindent

Please notice that you have to add the arguments as strings!

The command line tool you use for @command{define-emms-simple-player}
has to take one song as argument and stop after playing that
particular song. For any other concept you will need to customise
emms a bit more...

@node More Complex Player
@section More Complex Player

@cindex complex player
@cindex advanced player

The most players you use will be simple players so you don't need to
read this chapter. But if you are curious how you can use (almost) every
player in emms read further...

In this chapter we will use mpg321 to construct a player that
actually can pause a track, restart it and show rest time. We won't
implement all of that, but after that chapter you will know how to
define it.

The command @command{define-emms-simple-player} is just a abstraction
layer for @command{define-emms-player}, which is a little bit more
complicated but much more powerful!

@lisp
(define-emms-player "emms-mpg321-remote"
  :start 'emms-mpg321-remote-start
  :stop 'emms-mpg321-remote-stop
  :playablep 'emms-mpg321-remote-playable-p)
@end lisp
@noindent

So, that is almost all! @command{define-emms-player} takes a minimum
of three arguments. The first is the name of the player. The rest are
methods with functions to call. Three methods are required: start,
stop and playable. Start says Emms how to start a track (sic!), stop
how to stop a player and playablep should return non-nil if the player
can play the track.

So we just need these three functions to get our mpg321-remote:

First we code the start function. We will check if there's a open
process and start one otherwise. Then we send a string to the process
with the filename and set a filter.

@lisp
(defun emms-mpg321-remote-start ()
  (unless (get-process ``mpg321-remote'')
    (setq emms-mpg321-remote-process
	  (start-process "mpg321-remote-process"
			 "*mpg321*" "mpg321" "-R" "abc"))
  (process-send-string "mpg321-remote-process"
		       (concat "l " (emms-track-name track)))
  (set-process-filter emms-mpg321-remote-process 'emms-mpg321-remote-filter)))
@end lisp
@noindent

We need the filter, as mpg321-remote won't quit after playing the
track as the simple player do. We wait until the process sends the
output ``(at-sign)P 0'' (the signal of mpg321 that the song ended) to the
filter and call emms-mpg321-remote-stop.

@lisp
(defun emms-mpg321-remote-filter (process output)
  (when (string-match "(at-sign)P 0" output)
    (emms-mpg321-remote-stop)))
@end lisp
@noindent

@command{emms-mpg321-remote-stop} won't do anything interesting. It
just test if there are other files to play and close the process otherwise.

@lisp
(defun emms-mpg321-remote-stop ()
  (unless emms-playlist
    (process-send-string "mpg321-remote-process" "Q\n"))
@end lisp
@noindent

And to make that a playable example i also added
@command{emms-mpg321-remote-playablep}, which i just really steal
from @file{emms-player-simple.el}

@lisp
(defun emms-mpg321-remote-playablep (track)
       "Return non-nil when we can play this track."
       (and (eq 'file (emms-track-type track))
@end lisp
@noindent

Now we have a ready player and we could add commands like
@command{emms-mpg321-remote-pause} for example.

@node The Browser
@chapter The Browser

The Browser allows you to browse the metadata cache and add tracks to
your playlist. It includes a powerful interactive mode.

The Browser is defined in @file{emms-browser.el} and is included in
the @command{emms-all} setup level. For more information about Emms
setup levels see @xref{Simple Setup}.

You can also manually add the Browser to your Emms setup by loading it
explicitly with:

@lisp
(require 'emms-browser)
@end lisp

To be properly useful, you should do M-x
@command{emms-add-directory-tree} to all the files you own at least
once so that the cache is fully populated.

@menu
* Browser Interface::     The interactive browser interface.
* Filtering Tracks::      Displaying a subset of the tracks.
* Displaying Covers::     Displaying album covers in the browser interface.
* Changing Looks::        Changing the tree structure, display format and faces.
@end menu

@node Browser Interface
@section Browser Interface

The browser interface allows you to display and interact with your
tracks in many different ways. There are a number of ways to start the
browser.

@defun emms-smart-browse
Display browser and playlist. Toggle between selecting browser,
playlist or hiding both. Tries to behave sanely if the user has
manually changed the window configuration.
@end defun

@defun emms-browse-by-artist
Display the browser and order the tracks by artist.
@end defun

@defun emms-browse-by-album
Display the browser and order the tracks by album.
@end defun

@defun emms-browse-by-genre
Display the browser and order the tracks by genre.
@end defun

@defun emms-browse-by-year
Display the browser and order the tracks by year.
@end defun

Once the Browser is displayed you can use it to managed your track
collection and playlists. The Browser is interactive and has its own
keybindings.

@table @kbd

@item C-j
@kindex C-j (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-add-tracks-and-play
Add all tracks at point, and play the first added track.

@item RET
@kindex RET (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-add-tracks
Add all tracks at point.

@item SPC
@kindex SPC (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-toggle-subitems
Show or hide (kill) subitems under the current line.

@item 1
@kindex 1 (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-collapse-all
Collapse everything.

@item 2
@kindex 2 (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-expand-to-level-2
Expand all top level items one level.

@item 3
@kindex 3 (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-expand-to-level-3
Expand all top level items two levels.

@item 4
@kindex 4 (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-expand-to-level-4
Expand all top level items three levels.

@item C
@kindex C (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-clear-playlist
Clear the playlist.

@item E
@kindex E (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-expand-all
Expand everything.

@item d
@kindex d (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-view-in-dired
View the current directory in dired.

@item q
@kindex q (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-bury-buffer
Bury the browser buffer.

@item r
@kindex r (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-goto-random
Jump to a random track.

@item /
@kindex / (emms-browser)
@findex emms-isearch-buffer
Isearch through the buffer.

@item <
@kindex < (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-previous-filter
Redisplay with the previous filter.

@item >
@kindex > (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-next-filter
Redisplay with the next filter.

@item ?
@kindex ? (emms-browser)
@findex describe-mode
See the Emacs documentation for the function.

@item C-/
@kindex C-/ (emms-browser)
@findex emms-playlist-mode-undo
Undo the previous playlist action.

@item <C-return>
@kindex <C-return> (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-add-tracks-and-play
Add all tracks at point, and play the first added track.

@item <backtab>
@kindex <backtab> (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-prev-non-track
Jump to the previous non-track element.

@item <tab>
@kindex <tab> (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-next-non-track
Jump to the next non-track element.

@item s A
@kindex s A (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-search-by-album
Search the collection by album.

@item s a
@kindex s a (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-search-by-artist
Search the collection by artist.

@item s s
@kindex s s (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-search-by-names
Search the collection by names.

@item s t
@kindex s t (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-search-by-title
Search the collection by title.

@item b 1
@kindex b 1 (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browse-by-artist
Browse the collection by artist.

@item b 2
@kindex b 2 (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browse-by-album
Browse the collection by album.

@item b 3
@kindex b 3 (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browse-by-genre
Browse the collection by genre.

@item b 4
@kindex b 4 (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browse-by-year
Browse the collection by year.

@item W a p
@kindex W a p (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-lookup-album-on-pitchfork
Lookup the album using Pitchfork.

@item W a w
@kindex W a w (emms-browser)
@findex emms-browser-lookup-album-on-wikipedia
Lookup the album using Wikipedia.
@end table

@node Filtering Tracks
@section Filtering Tracks

If you want to display a subset of your collection (such as a
directory of 80s music, only avi files, etc.) then you can extend the
Browser by defining ``filters''.

Show everything:

@lisp
(emms-browser-make-filter "all" 'ignore)
@end lisp

Set "all" as the default filter:

@lisp
(emms-browser-set-filter (assoc "all" emms-browser-filters))
@end lisp

Show all files (no streamlists, etc):

@lisp
(emms-browser-make-filter
 "all-files" (emms-browser-filter-only-type 'file))
@end lisp

Show only tracks in one folder:

@lisp
(emms-browser-make-filter
 "80s" (emms-browser-filter-only-dir "~/Mp3s/80s"))
@end lisp

Show all tracks played in the last month:

@lisp
(emms-browser-make-filter
 "last-month" (emms-browser-filter-only-recent 30))
@end lisp

After executing the above commands, you can use M-x
emms-browser-show-all, emms-browser-show-80s, etc to toggle between
different collections. Alternatively you can use '<' and '>' to cycle
through the available filters.

The second argument to make-filter is a function which returns t if a
single track should be filtered. You can write your own filter
functions to check the type of a file, etc.

Show only tracks not played in the last year:

@lisp
(emms-browser-make-filter "not-played"
 (lambda (track)
  (not (funcall (emms-browser-filter-only-recent 365) track))))
@end lisp

Show all files that are not in the pending directory:

@lisp
(emms-browser-make-filter
 "all"
 (lambda (track)
   (or
    (funcall (emms-browser-filter-only-type 'file) track)
    (not (funcall
          (emms-browser-filter-only-dir "~/Media/pending") track)))))
@end lisp

@node Displaying Covers
@section Displaying Covers

The browser will attempt to display cover images if they're
available. By default it looks for images cover_small.jpg,
cover_med.jpg, etc. Customize @var{emms-browser-covers} to use your
own covers. Note that you'll probably want to resize your existing
covers to particular sizes. Suggested sizes are 100x100 for small, and
200x200 for medium.

Also, Emacs by default will jump around a lot when scrolling a buffer
with images. In order to prevent that, you can set
@var{scroll-up-aggressively} and @var{scroll-down-aggressively} to the
number ``0.0''.

To show a 'no cover' image for albums which don't have a cover, add
the following code to your .emacs:

@lisp
(setq emms-browser-default-covers
  (list "/path/to/cover_small.jpg" nil nil)
@end lisp

The medium and large images can be set as well.

You can download an example @uref{http://repose.cx/cover_small.jpg,
`no cover' image}.

@node Changing Looks
@section Changing Looks

The Browser's look can be customised. You can change the way the tree
structure looks, the display format and display faces.

@subheading Changing Tree Structure

You can change the way the tree is displayed by modifying the function
@command{emms-browser-next-mapping-type}.

The following code displays artist->track instead of
artist->album->track when you switch to the 'singles' filter:

@lisp
(defadvice emms-browser-next-mapping-type
                                (after no-album (current-mapping))
  (when (eq ad-return-value 'info-album)
    (setq ad-return-value 'info-title)))
@end lisp

@lisp
(defun toggle-album-display ()
  (if (string= emms-browser-current-filter-name "singles")
      (ad-activate 'emms-browser-next-mapping-type)
    (ad-deactivate 'emms-browser-next-mapping-type)))

(add-hook 'emms-browser-filter-changed-hook 'toggle-album-display)
@end lisp

@subheading Changing Display Format

Format strings govern the way items are displayed in the browser and
playlist. You can customize these if you wish.

@var{emms-browser-default-format} controls the format to use when no
other format has been explicitly defined. By default, only track and
albums deviate from the default.

To customise the format of a particular type, find the name of the
field you want to use (eg `info-artist', `info-title', etc), and
insert that into emms-browser-<type>-format or
emms-browser-playlist-<type>-format. For example, if you wanted to
remove track numbers from tracks in both the browser and playlist, you
could do:

@lisp
(defvar emms-browser-info-title-format "%i%n")
(defvar emms-browser-playlist-info-title-format
  emms-browser-info-title-format)
@end lisp

The format specifiers available include:

@itemize @w
@item
%i    indent relative to the current level
@item
%n    the value of the item - eg -info-artist might be ``pink floyd''
@item
%y    the album year
@item
%A    the album name
@item
%a    the artist name of the track
@item
%t    the title of the track
@item
%T    the track number
@item
%cS   a small album cover
@item
%cM   a medium album cover
@item
%cL   a big album cover
@end itemize

Note that if you use track-related items like %t, it will take the
data from the first track.

@subheading Changing Display Faces

The faces used to display the various fields are also customizable.
They are in the format emms-browser-<type>-face, where type is one of
"year/genre", "artist", "album" or "track". Note that faces lack the
initial "info-" part. For example, to change the artist face, type M-x
@command{customize-face} @command{emms-browser-artist-face}.

@node Sorting Playlists
@chapter Sorting Playlists

@cindex sort
@cindex track order

The `emms-playlist-sort' module, defined in the
@file{emms-playlist-sort.el} package provides functions for sorting
Emms playlists. `emms-playlist-sort' can be loaded by invoking:

@lisp
(require 'emms-playlist-sort)
@end lisp

@defun emms-playlist-sort-by-name
Sort playlist by name in ascending order.
@end defun

@defun emms-playlist-sort-by-info-artist
Sort playlist by artist in ascending order.
@end defun

@defun emms-playlist-sort-by-info-title
Sort playlist by title in ascending order.
@end defun

@defun emms-playlist-sort-by-info-album
Sort playlist by album in ascending order.
@end defun

@defun emms-playlist-sort-by-info-year
Sort playlist by year in ascending order.
@end defun

@defun emms-playlist-sort-by-info-note
Sort playlist by notes in ascending order.
@end defun

@defun emms-playlist-sort-by-score
Sort emms playlist by score in descending order.
@end defun

@node Emms Mode Line
@chapter Emms Mode Line

@cindex mode line
@cindex display emms information

We can display information about the currenty playing track on the
Emacs mode line using the package `emms-mode-line' which is provided
by the file @file{emms-mode-line.el}.

To activate this feature invoke:

@lisp
(require 'emms-mode-line)
(emms-mode-line 1)
@end lisp

It is also possible to display the amount of time a track has been
playing. This feature is defined in the `emms-playing-time' package
which is provided by the file @file{emms-playing-time.el}.

To use this feature invoke:

@lisp
(require 'emms-playing-time)
(emms-playing-time 1)
@end lisp

@defun emms-playing-time-enable
Enable displaying emms playing time on the mode line.
@end defun

@defun emms-playing-time-disable
Enable displaying emms playing time on the mode line.
@end defun

@defun emms-playing-time-toggle
Toggle displaying emms playing time on the mode line.
@end defun

@node Music Player Daemon
@chapter Music Player Daemon

@cindex music player daemon
@cindex remote interface
@cindex mpd

Emms provides an interface to the @uref{http://www.musicpd.org/, Music
Player Daemon}(MusicPD) software. The package is called `emms-player-mpd' and
is provided by the file @file{emms-player-mpd.el}.

The advantages of using MusicPD as an EMMS backend include the
following.

@itemize @bullet
@item minimal CPU usage
@item fast access of track information
@item optional crossfade
@end itemize

@subheading Setup

To load `emms-player-mpd' invoke:

@lisp
(require 'emms-player-mpd)
@end lisp

Set the variables @var{emms-player-mpd-server-name} and
@var{emms-player-mpd-server-port} to the location and port
(respectively) of your MusicPD server. For example:

@lisp
(setq emms-player-mpd-server-name "localhost")
(setq emms-player-mpd-server-port "6600")
@end lisp

If your MusicPD setup requires a password, you will to set
@var{emms-player-mpd-server-password} as follows.

@lisp
(setq emms-player-mpd-server-password "mypassword")
@end lisp

To get track information from MusicPD, invoke the following:

@lisp
(add-to-list 'emms-info-functions 'emms-info-mpd)
@end lisp

Adding `emms-player-mpd' to your Emms player list is accomplished by
invoking:

@lisp
(add-to-list 'emms-player-list 'emms-player-mpd)
@end lisp

If you use absolute file names in your m3u playlists (which is most
likely), make sure you set @var{emms-player-mpd-music-directory} to
the value of "music_directory" from your MusicPD config.  There are
additional options available as well, but the defaults should be
sufficient for most uses.

You can set @var{emms-player-mpd-sync-playlist} to nil if your master
EMMS playlist contains only stored playlists.

@subheading Commands provided

@defun emms-player-mpd-connect
Connect to MusicPD and retrieve its current playlist. Afterward, the
status of MusicPD will be tracked.
@end defun

@defun emms-player-mpd-disconnect
Terminate the MusicPD client process and disconnect from MusicPD.
@end defun

@defun emms-player-mpd-show &optional insertp
Describe the current EMMS track in the minibuffer. If INSERTP is
non-nil, insert the description into the current buffer instead. This
function uses @var{emms-show-format} to format the current track. It
differs from @command{emms-show} in that it asks MusicPD for the
current track, rather than Emms.
@end defun

@subsubheading Updating the MusicPD database

@defun emms-player-mpd-update-directory dir
Cause the tracks in DIR to be updated in the MusicPD database.
@end defun

@defun emms-player-mpd-update-all
Cause all tracks in the MusicPD music directory to be updated in
the MusicPD database.
@end defun

@subsubheading emms-cache.el integration

@defun emms-cache-set-from-mpd-directory dir
Dump all MusicPD data from DIR into the EMMS cache.
This is useful to do when you have recently acquired new music.
@end defun

@defun emms-cache-set-from-mpd-all
Dump all MusicPD data into the EMMS cache.
This is useful to do once, just before using emms-browser.el, in
order to prime the cache.
@end defun

@subsubheading emms-volume.el integration

@defun emms-volume-mpd-change amount
Change volume up or down by AMOUNT, depending on whether it is
positive or negative.
@end defun

@defun emms-volume-mpd-raise
Increase the volume.
@end defun

@defun emms-volume-mpd-lower
Decrease the volume.
@end defun

@node Lyrics
@chapter Lyrics

@cindex lyrics

We can display the lyrics of a song in time with the music using the
`emms-lyrics' package provided by the file @file{emms-lyrics.el}.

The lyrics files should have the extention ``.lrc''.

To add this feature we invoke:

@lisp
(require 'emms-lyrics)
(emms-lyrics 1)
@end lisp

There are a number of variables we can set to define the way that
`emms-lyrics' behaves, we can set these directly or by using the
Customize feature in Emacs.

@defvr {User Option} emms-lyrics-display-on-minibuffer
If non-nil, display lyrics on minibuffer.
@end defvr

@defvr {User Option} emms-lyrics-display-on-modeline
If non-nil, display lyrics on modeline.
@end defvr

@defvr {User Option} emms-lyrics-dir
Local lyrics repository. @command{emms-lyrics-find-lyric} will look
for lyrics in current directory and this directory.
@end defvr

@defvr {User Option} emms-lyrics-display-format
Format for displaying lyrics. "%s" will be replaced by the lyrics
string.
@end defvr

@defvr {User Option} emms-lyrics-coding-system
Coding system used in the output of lyrics.
@end defvr

We can control `emms-lyrics' with the help of the following functions:

@defun emms-lyrics-start
Start displaying lyrics.
@end defun

@defun emms-lyrics-stop
Stop displaying lyrics.
@end defun

@defun emms-lyrics-toggle-display-on-minibuffer
Toggle display lyrics on minibufer.
@end defun

@defun emms-lyrics-toggle-display-on-modeline
Toggle display lyrics on mode line.
@end defun

@defun emms-lyrics-enable
Enable displaying Emms lyrics.
@end defun

@defun emms-lyrics-disable
Disable displaying Emms lyrics.
@end defun

@defun emms-lyrics-toggle
Toggle displaying Emms lyrics.
@end defun

@node Streaming Audio
@chapter Streaming Audio

@cindex streaming audio
@cindex internet radio

Emms provides a friendly interface for managing and playing streaming
audio in addition to the Emms playlist interface. The interface is
defined in the @file{emms-streams.el} package and can be loaded by
invoking:

@lisp
(require 'emms-streams)
@end lisp

The Emms interface for streaming audio is enabled by default in the
`emms-all' and `emms-devel' setup levels. For more information about
Emms setup levels see @xref{Simple Setup}.

Enter the emms-streams interface by invoking @kbd{M-x}
@command{emms-streams}. The emms-streams interface comes with a
built-in, eclectic list of streaming audio channels from throughout the
Web. Emms can of-course play other streams than the ones listed by
default, you are free to remove any or all of them and add your
own.@footnote{If you enjoy a particular streaming audio station on the
Web and think that it belongs in the default list, please send us a
link and we will gladly add it!}

The following is a list of the key-bindings for the emms-streams
interface:

@table @kbd
@item RET
@kindex RET (emms-streams)
@vindex emms-stream-default-action
Perform the default action when you press RET in the Emms Stream
interface. Can be either ``add'' or ``play''. The default is ``add'',
which adds the station under point to the Emms playlist. When
@var{emms-stream-default-action} is ``play'' then Emms will play the
streaming audio channel under point.
@item q
@kindex q (emms-streams)
@findex emms-stream-quit
Quit the emms-streams interface.
@item a
@kindex a (emms-streams)
@findex emms-stream-add-bookmark
Add a bookmark to a streaming audio URL to the list.
@item d
@kindex d (emms-streams)
@findex emms-stream-delete-bookmark
Remove a bookmark to a streaming audio URL from the list.
@item e
@kindex e (emms-streams)
@findex emms-stream-edit-bookmark
Edit the details of the bookmark under point.
@item h
@kindex h (emms-streams)
@findex describe-mode
Describe the emms-streams mode.
@item n
@kindex n (emms-streams)
@findex emms-stream-next-line
Move to the next line in the emms-streams buffer (same as C-n).
@item p
@kindex p (emms-streams)
@findex emms-stream-previous-line
Move to the previous line in the emms-streams buffer (same as C-p).
@item s
@kindex s (emms-streams)
@findex emms-stream-save-bookmarks-file
Save the bookmarks in the emms-streams interface to disk. The
bookmarks will be to the location designated in the variable
@var{emms-stream-bookmarks-file}.
@item i
@kindex i (emms-streams)
@findex emms-stream-info-bookmark
Return information about the streaming audio at the URL of the
bookmark under point. Note that this will only work if the
`emms-stream-info' has already been loaded.
@end table

@c including the relevant licenses
@include gpl.texi
@include fdl.texi

@node Concept Index
@unnumbered Concept Index
@printindex cp

@node Function Index
@unnumbered Function Index
@printindex fn

@node Variable Index
@unnumbered Variable Index
@printindex vr

@node Keybinding Index
@unnumbered Keybinding Index
@printindex ky

@bye